Objective: To analyze the nutritional status and influencing factors of elderly people living at home using the mini-nutritional assessment (MNA) method. Methods: A total of 380 elderly people (aged ≥58 years) living at home from October 2022 to January 2024 were selected as the research subjects. Their demographic data, life behavior information, and nutritional and health status were collected. A multiple linear regression model was used to analyze the factors influencing the nutritional status of elderly people living at home. Results: The research shows that the maximum age of the elderly living at home is 89 years old, with an average age of (70.23±5.86) years old. Among them, there are 189 males (49.74%) and 191 females (50.26%). The assessment score of the MNA scale for home-based elderly people was (24.94±3.24) points. Among them, 55 people had the risk of malnutrition, and 27 people were clearly diagnosed with malnutrition (accounting for a total of 21.58%). Through the analysis of the multiple linear regression model, it was found that the main risk factors affecting the nutritional status of the elderly living at home were age, marital status, satiety, and the number of chronic diseases (β′=-0.142, 0.112, 0.194, 0.124, P＜0.05). The protective factors influencing the nutritional status of elderly people living at home include high economic level, active activity ability in daily life, and the use of health supplements or nutritional supplements (β′=0.158, 0.105, 0.113). Conclusion: The micro-nutritional assessment method can be used to analyze the nutritional status and influencing factors of elderly people living at home, and has a relatively high assessment value.