Objective: To observe the expression of oncogene c-Fos, cyclin D1 and cyclin dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) in breast cancer and para-cancerous tissues and their correlation with clinicopathological features, and to analyze the survival of breast cancer. Methods: Western blot (WB) and real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) were used to detect the expression level of c-Fos protein and mRNA content of c-Fos, Cyclin-D1 and CDK4 in 20 cases of breast cancer and para-cancerous tissues. Breast tumor-on-a-chip was purchased to do immunohistochemical (IHC) experiment to analyze the relationship between expression levels of c-Fos, Cyclin-D1 and CDK4 and the clinicopathological features and prognosis of breast cancer. Results: WB test showed that the expression level of c-Fos protein in breast cancer was significantly higher than that in para-cancerous tissues, and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05). RT-qPCR method showed that the mRNA content of c-Fos in breast cancer was higher than that in para-cancerous tissues, however, the difference was not statistically significant(P＞0.05). The mRNA contents of Cyclin-D1 and CDK4 in breast cancer were significantly higher than those in para-cancerous tissues(P＜0.05). IHC experiment showed that the expression levels of c-Fos, Cyclin-D1 and CDK4 in breast cancer tissues were significantly higher than those in para-cancerous tissues, and the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05). The expression levels of the three proteins in cancer tissues were all positively correlated(r=0.320,r=0.486,r=0.514,P＜0.05). In breast cancer, the expression level of c-Fos was correlated to clinical stage(P＜0.05), the expression level of Cyclin-D1 was correlated to vascular invasion(P＜0.05), the expression level of CDK4 was related to lymph node metastasis(P＜0.05), and the high expression of the three proteins was the risk factor to the over survival of breast cancer patients. Conclusion: c-Fos, Cyclin-D1 and CDK4 are highly expressed in breast cancer, and there is a positive correlation among them, which indicates that they involved in the occurrence and development of breast cancer. Highly expressed c-Fos, Cyclin-D1 and CDK4 is positively correlated with clinicopathological features of breast cancer, which is a risk factor to the prognosis of patients with breast cancer.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between Toll-Like Receptor 3 (TLR3) rs3775290 and the risk of chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Methods: A total of 172 patients with chronic hepatitis B were selected as the CHB case group and 200 healthy people as the control group in Ordos, Inner Mongolia. Polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was used to detect the gene polymorphism of TLR3 rs3775290 in the CHB case group and the control group. The odds ratio (OR) and its 95 % confidence interval (CI) were calculated by non-conditional Logistic regression to assess the relationship between alleles,genotypes and the risk of chronic hepatitis B infection. Results: Frequencies of SNP rs3775290 on GG, AG and AG genotypes in the control group were 50.5 %, 39.5 % and 10.0 % respectively, while the frequencies in the CHB case group were 56.4 %, 34.9 % and 8.7 % respectively. There was no significant difference between the two groups (P＞0.05). SNP rs3775290 was not associated with the risk of chronic HBV infection under codominant genetic model , dominant genetic model, recessive genetic model and super dominant genetic model (P＞0.05). Conclusion: TLR3 rs3775290 has no relationship with the risk of chronic hepatitis B virus infection in Han population in Ordos, Inner Mongolia.

Objective: To study the analgesic effect of gross saponins from tribulus terrestris (GSTT) on peripheral neuropathic pain caused by chronic constriction injury (CCI) in rats based on TLR4/NF-κB pathway. Methods: A total of 40 male SD rats were randomly divided into the SHAM group, CCI group, GSTT100mg/kg+CCI group, GSTT200mg/kg+CCI group and pregabalin +CCI group (positive control), with 8 rats in each group. Except SHAM group, CCI rat models were prepared in other 4 groups, paw withdrawal mechanical threshold (PWMT) and thermal latency were detected after being processed by drug respectively. HE staining was used to detect the pathological changes of spinal cord and dorsal root ganglion. The expression of NF-κB in spinal cord and dorsal root ganglion was detected by immunohistochemistry. Results: Compared with the SHAM group, PWMT and thermal latency of rats in the CCI group were significantly decreased and the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05). The neurons and glial cells in the posterior horn of the injured spinal cord and the dorsal root ganglion showed deep staining, swelling and atrophy, with concentration and loss of nucleus. The expression level of NF-κB in the posterior horn and dorsal root ganglion of the injured side was significantly increased. Compared with the CCI group, PWMT and thermal latency of rats in GSTT100 mg/kg+CCI group, 200 mg/kg+CCI group and pregabali +CCI group were increased, and the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05). The above pathological changes were also significantly improved, and NF-κB level in posterior horn of spinal cord and dorsal root ganglion of injured side was decreased. Compared with the GSTT100 mg/kg+CCI group, the above pathological changes were further improved in the 200 mg/kg+CCI group and regabalin +CCI group, PWMT and thermal latency were significantly increased, and the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05). Meanwhile, NF-κB levels in the posterior horn of the injured side of the spinal cord and dorsal root ganglion were further reduced. Conclusion: GSTT has analgesic effect on peripheral neuropathic pain in CCI rats, which may be related to TLR4/NF-κB pathway.

Objective: To investigate the role and mechanisms of remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) in promoting the reverse remodeling after pressure-overload myocardial hypertrophy (POMH). Methods: H9C2 myocardial cell model was established. The rats were divided into the normal control group (Sham), POMH group and RIPC group. The apoptosis and expression levels of mitochondrial autophagy-related proteins in each group were detected by quantitative PCR and Western blot. Results: PCR results showed that RIPC could significantly inhibit the increasing rate of apoptosis in the POMH group. Western blot results showed that RIPC could promote reverse remodeling after POMH surgery by up-regulating the expression levels of mitochondrial autophagy-related proteins. Conclusion: RIPC could promote reverse remodeling after POMH surgery and its mechanism was related to mitochondrial autophagy.

Objective: To study the effect of different dosage regimens of dyclonine hydrochloride mucilage on the anesthetic effect of patients undergoing transesophageal echocardiography (TEE), and to explore the best dosage regimen before TEE examination. Methods: A total of 150 patients who successfully underwent TEE for the first time were randomly divided into three groups (group A, B, C), with 50 patients in each group. The group A was given the routine dosage. That is to say, patients of the group A were given 10 mL of dyclonine hydrochloride mucilage before TEE, and it was slowly swallowed after being kept in mouth about 3 min. Patients in the group B were given the intermittent regimen. That is to say, patients of the group B were given 5 mL of dyclonine hydrochloride mucilage before TEE, and it was slowly swallowed after being kept in mouth about 3 min, the rest 5 mL of dyclonine hydrochloride mucilage was taken the same way 2 min later. Patients in the group C were given the intermittent dosing regimen. That is to say, patients of the group C were given 10 mL of dyclonine hydrochloride mucilage before TEE, and it was slowly swallowed after being kept in mouth about 3 min, then repeated it 2 min later. TEE was performed in all patients 10 min after administration of dyclonine hydrochloride mucilage. The success rate of first-attempt intubation, operative time, anesthesia effect, incidence of adverse events and satisfaction of patients were compared among the three groups. Results: Compared with the group A, the success rate of first-attempt intubation in the group B and C was increased successively, and it was significantly increased in the group C (P＜0.05). TEE examination time of group B and C decreased successively, it was significantly decreased in the group C (P＜0.05). The excellent and good rate of anesthesia effect in group B and C increased successively, and the rate in group C was significantly high (P＜0.05). The dissatisfaction rate of group B and C decreased successively, and the dissatisfaction rate of group C was significantly low (P＜0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of total adverse events among the three treatment groups (P＞0.05). Conclusion: Different dosage regimens of dyclonine hydrochloride mucilage before TEE lead to different anesthetic effects, among which the intermittent dosing regimen could improve the excellent and good rate of anesthetic effect, raise the efficiency of TEE, reduce patients' dissatisfaction, and have good safety.

Objective: To explore the diagnostic and prognostic value of Tp-Te/QT ratio and serum Ang Ⅱ level in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Methods: A total of 243 patients who were admitted to the hospital for coronary angiography due to chest pain were selected and divided into the negative control group (CON group), unstable angina group (UAP group) and myocardial infarction group (AMI group) according to the results of the angiography. Tp-Te/QT ratio was tested and serum Ang Ⅱ levels were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic value of Tp-Te/QT ratio and Ang Ⅱ levels in patients with ACS. Results: Compared with the CON group, the UAP group had higher age, TC level and longer Tp-Te interval (P＜0.05). Compared with the CON and UAP group, the levels of SCr, TC, D-dimer and Ang Ⅱ, the Tp-Te interval and Tp-Te/QT ratio of the AMI group had were significantly increased (P＜0.05). The results of binary logistic regression analysis showed that Tp-Te/QT ratio and Ang Ⅱ levels were independent predictors in AMI diagnosis. The receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC curve) indicated that the best cut-off value of Tp-Te/QT is 0.29 (sensitivity 55.6 %, specificity 80.7 %), and the best cut-off value of Ang Ⅱ level is 49.50mg/L (sensitivity 83.3 %, specificity 49.8 %) ), the combined prediction of the two indicators can improve the diagnostic specificity (sensitivity 63.9 %, specificity 85.5 %). Binary logistic regression analysis suggested that Tp-Te/QT ratio and serum Ang Ⅱ levels were independent risk factors for MACE events (P＜0.05 ), and ROC results showed that the best cut-off value of Tp-Te/QT to evaluate MACE events was 0.30 (sensitivity 66.70 %, specificity 89.20 %), and the best cut-off value of Ang Ⅱ level was 66.50 mg/L (sensitivity 75 %, specificity 93.2 %), the combined prediction of the two indicators can improve the diagnostic sensitivity (sensitivity 87.50 %, specificity 89.80 %). Conclusion: Tp-Te/QT ratio and Ang Ⅱ level have certain predictive value in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) diagnosis and MACE event evaluation, and the combination of the two indicators can improve the specificity of AMI diagnosis and the sensitivity of MACE event evaluation.

Objective: To elucidate the differentially expressed genes in reflux esophagitis and explore the possible mechanism of mucosal damage in reflux esophagitis, and preliminarily screen and identify the expression changes and effects of long-chain non-coding RNA HOTAIR in reflux esophagitis. Methods: Transcriptome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis were performed on tissue specimens at mucosal erosion site of reflux esophagitis and mucosa smooth esophageal tissue under para-erosion endoscopy. The expression changes of long-chain non-coding RNA HOTAIR in the two types of tissues were determined by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR, and its relationship with the age of patients with reflux esophagitis was analyzed. Results: The transcriptome sequencing results showed that there were a variety of genes differentially expressed between the erosive group and the para-erosive group of reflux esophagitis, of which 7661 genes were down-regulated. Bioinformatics analysis showed that differentially expressed genes were enriched in immune responses. For the screened long-chain non-coding RNA HOTAIR, real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR showed that its relative expression was correlated with the age of patients with reflux esophagitis (P＜0.05). Compared with the para-erosion group, the expression of HOTAIR was up-regulated in the erosion group of reflux esophagitis in the older age group (P＜0.05), and down-regulated in the erosion group of reflux esophagitis in the younger age group (P＜0.05). Conclusion: The differentially expressed genes may be involved in the pathogenesis of reflux esophagitis through immune response. The screened long-chain non-coding RNA HOTAIR expression showed opposite trends in patients of different ages, suggesting that HOTAIR may play an important role in reflux esophagitis and can be used as an important auxiliary indicator for diagnosis.

Objective: To investigate the effect of early oral enteral nutrition (EN) on the recovery of patients after laparoscopic colorectal cancer surgery. Methods: Patients who were scheduled for laparoscopic radical colorectal cancer surgery in our hospital from May 2021 to February 2022 were prospectively enrolled and randomly divided into the observation (EN) group and the control (non-EN) group. The observation group was given oral enteral nutrition from the first day after surgery, and the concentration and dose were adjusted over time to full dose. The control group was given equal volume of hot water for drinking, then the liquid diet was given after ventilation, and gradually transitioned to normal diet. The indicators of nutrition, inflammation, and intestinal barrier function were measured on the 7th day after surgery. The postoperative exhaust time, bowel movement, off-bed time, and hospital stay of the two groups were recorded. Results: A total of 100 patients were cured and discharged. Time to return to normal diet (t=4.658; P＜0.05) and postoperative hospital days (t=6.304; P＜0.05) of the observation group were significantly shorter than those in the control group. On 7th day after surgery, no significant differences were observed in nutritional indicators such as levels of hemoglobin and albumin between the two groups (P＞0.05), but the levels of peripheral white blood cell count (t=4.973; P＜0.05), C-reactive protein (t=5.075; P＜0.05), and neutrophil count (t=7.597; P＜0.05) in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group. The levels of diamine oxidase (t=18.457; P＜0.05) and fecal calprotectin (t=9.142; P＜0.05) of the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group. The levels of zonula occludens-1 of the observation group were significantly higher in than control group(t=18.141; P＜0.05). Conclusion: Early oral enteral nutrition after laparoscopic radical colorectal cancer surgery can promote postoperative gastrointestinal function recovery and improve postoperative recovery.

Objective: To investigate the application value of sound touch elastography and sound touch quantify of liver and spleen in the evaluation of esophageal and gastric varices(EGV) in liver cirrhosis. Methods: A total of 87 patients with liver cirrhosis were collected and divided into the non-varices group (44 cases), mild varices group (13 cases) and moderate to severe varices group (30 cases) based on gastroscopic results. Ultrasonic elastography were used to measure the values of liver sound touch elastography (L-STE), liver sound touch quantify (L-STQ), spleen sound touch elastography (S-STE), and spleen sound touch quantify (S-STQ). STE and STQ indexes of liver and spleen were compared in each group. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn to analyze the diagnostic efficacy of each parameter, and the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated. Results: There were significant differences in the STE and STQ values of liver and spleen between the non-varicose group and the varicose groups (P＜0.05). Spearman correlation coefficient was used for correlation analysis, and the values of L-STE, L-STQ, S-STE and S-STQ were positively correlated with the degree of esophageal and gastric varices (r=0.505, 0.487, 0.558,0.535). The AUCs of L-STE, L-STQ, S-STE and S-STQ for diagnosing EGV were 0.788,0.770, 0.804 and 0.785, and the optimal cut-off values for predicting EGV were 9.29 kPa, 13.58 kPa, 23.34 kPa and 26.44 kPa, respectively. L-STE, L-STQ, S-STE, S-STQ values predicted the AUC of mild varicose veins was 0.781, 0.730, 0.721, 0.692, all P＜0.05. The areas under the curve of L-STE, L-STQ, S-STE and S-STQ predicted moderate and severe varicose were 0.831, 0.828, 0.873 and 0.862(P＜0.05). Conclusion: Using STE and STQ to measure liver and spleen stiffness has good predicting value to EGV in live cirrhosis. The shear wave elastic hardness of liver and spleen increasing with the severity of EGV in liver cirrhosis can be used as an effective index to determine the severity of varicosity.

Objective: To investigate the clinical effect of transepicardial left atrial appendage closure in patients with heart valve disease and atrial fibrillation. Methods: A total of 59 patients with atrial fibrillation who underwent valve surgery in the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College from June 2019 to December 2021 were selected as the research objects. Patients who underwent transepicardial left atrial appendage closure were divided into the clipping group (n=29) and patients who underwent no transepicardial left atrial appendage closure into the non-clipping group (n=30). The basic data before surgery, perioperative indicators and follow-up data of the two groups of patients were compared. Results: There were no statistically significant differences in age, gender, left atrial (LA) thrombosis, preoperative cardiac function, and other underlying diseases between the two groups of patients (P＞0.05). There was no significant difference in the preoperative color Doppler ultrasound measured results between the two groups of patients (P＞0.05). The preoperative ejection fraction of the clipping group was higher than that of the non-clipping group (P＜0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in surgical procedures between the two groups of patients (P＞0.05). Comparison of perioperative indicators and follow-up data between the two groups showed that the total operative time of the clipping group was longer than that in the non-clipping group, and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05). There was no significant difference in the time of cardiopulmonary bypass, ascending aorta occlusion, postoperative hospital stays, recurrence of atrial fibrillation after surgery and stroke incidence between the two groups (P＞0.05). Conclusion: For patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing valve surgery, the transepicardial left atrial appendage closure should be routinely performed, which is simple, practical, safe and economical.

Objective: To explore the effect of targeted nursing quality management model on compliance behavior and nursing quality in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. Methods: A total of 86 pulmonary tuberculosis patients treated in our hospital from January 2021 to December 2021 were selected as the research subjects, and randomly divided into the control group (n=43) and the experimental group (n=43). The control group was given routine nursing only, and the experimental group was given the targeted nursing quality management mode, and the compliance behavior 1 month after discharge, nursing effect and nursing satisfaction of the two groups were compared. Results: The compliance behavior of pulmonary tuberculosis patients in the experimental group 1 month after discharge was significantly better than that in the control group (P＜0.05). The nursing quality and satisfaction of the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P＜0.05). Conclusion: The application of the targeted nursing quality management mode in pulmonary tuberculosis patients has good nursing effect, which could effectively improve their compliance behavior, the nursing quality and satisfaction of patients, and is worthy of clinical popularization and application.

Objective: To investigate the related factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with cerebral vascular disease (CVD) and the risk factors inducing the occurrence of the two diseases. Methods: A total of 218 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in our hospital from January 2020 to December 2020 were selected, including 118patients with simple type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM group) and 100 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with cerebrovascular disease (T2DM+CVD group). The differences of clinical data between the two groups were compared and the data were analyzed by SAS. Results: There were statistically significant differences in age, gender, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), and cystatin C (CYSC) levels between T2DM group and T2DM+CVD group (P＜0.05), but there was no significant difference in the course of disease, history of tobacco and alcohol, fasting blood glucose (FBG), postprandial 2 h blood glucose (PBG), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels between the two groups(P >0.05). Age, sex, BMI, blood pressure, LDL-C, CYSC were positively correlated with the incidence of T2DM and CVD(r ＞0,P＜0.05), while Hb1Ac was negatively correlated with the incidence of T2DM and CVD(r ＜0,P＜0.05). Age and LDL-C might be the risk factors of T2DM with CVD, HbA1c might be the protective factors of T2DM with CVD, while sex, BMI, blood pressure and CYSC might not be independent related factors of T2DM with CVD. Conclusion: Age, sex, BMI, blood pressure, Hb1Ac, LDL-C and CYSC are all related to the incidence of T2DM and CVD. Monitoring the relevant biochemical indexes can actively take intervention measures to prevent T2DM complicated with CVD.

Objective: To study the correlation between ultrasound detection of multi-site visceral fat and atherosclerosis, with the purpose to find more indicators that may affect atherosclerosis, so as to help clinicians evaluate cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases more accurately. Methods: From June 2021 to March 2022, 95 patients who were diagnosed with Carotid Atherosclerosis (CAS) in the Ultrasound Department of Yijishan Hospital, Anhui South Medical College, and 39 healthy volunteers were selected as the research objects. All research objects were grouped into the IMT ≤0.9mm group and the IMT >0.9mm group according to the intima-media thickness (IMT). Visceral fat parameters in multiple sites of the two groups were measured and compared. Results: Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT), subcutaneous fat thickness (SCFT), preperitoneal fat thickness (PPFT), visceral fat thickness (VFT), the difference in right perineal periphery fat thickness (PRPFT), VFT/SCFT, visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and left and right renal fat sac thickness of the two groups were statistically significant (P＜0.05). The multivariate logistic regression analysis found that the larger the value of EAT, PPFT, VFT, PRPFT, VFT/SCFT and right renal fat sac, the higher the risk of CAS, and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05), and the difference was still statistically significant after adjusting the multivariate(P＜0.05). ROC curve analysis determined that the AUC values of VFT and PRPFT were 0.943 and 0.843 respectively, which had high sensitivity, and the critical values were 6.25mm and 59.45mm respectively. Conclusion: Visceral fat is related to CAS, while EAT, PPFT, VFT, PRPFT and right kidney fat sac thickness are independent influencing factors of CAS, among which PRPFT and VFT have good diagnostic efficacy.

Objective: To analyze the effect of the adjuvant therapy with bronchoalveolar lavage, pulmonary surfactant protein,lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), penetrating hormone 3 (PTX3) level, and arterial blood gas indexes in children with refractory mycoplasma pneumonia (RMPP). Methods: Clinical data of 97 children with RMPP in our hospital from October 2016 to June 2022 were collected retrospectively, and divided into the drug treatment group (48 cases) and bronchoalveolar lavage group (49 cases) according to the different treatment methods. The children in the drug treatment group were treated with macrolide for anti-infection and symptomatic treatment. The children in the bronchoalveolar lavage group were treated with bronchoscopic bronchoalveolar lavage on the basis of the drug treatment group. The curative effect, the levels of pulmonary surfactant protein A (SP-A), pulmonary surfactant protein D (SP-D), LDH and PTX3 and arterial blood gas indexes before and after treatment of the two groups were compared. Results: The total effective rate in the bronchoalveolar lavage group was 89.80 %, which was obviously higher than that in the drug treatment group (70.83 %) (P＜0.05). Before treatment, the levels of SP-A, SP-D, LDH, PTX3 and arterial blood gas indexes had no significant difference between the two groups (P＞0.05). After treatment, the levels of SP-A, SP-D, LDH and PTX3 in the bronchoalveolar lavage group were obviously lower than those in the drug treatment group, and the arterial blood gas indexes were obviously better than those in the drug treatment group (P＜0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions in the bronchoalveolar lavage group (10.00 %) was obviously lower than the drug treatment group (26.00 %) (P＜0.05). Conclusion: The adjuvant therapy with bronchoalveolar lavage in the treatment children with RMPP has a good treatment effect, which could significantly improve the arterial blood gas indexes and lower the levels of pulmonary surfactant protein (SP-A, SP-D), LDH and PTX3 with high safety.

Objective: To observe the clinical effect of self-made unilateral breast shoulder brake belt in radical mastectomy for breast cancer. Methods: From April 2021 to November 2021, 70 patients with breast cancer underwent unilateral radical mastectomy in our hospital were selected as the control group. Seventy patients with breast cancer who underwent unilateral radical mastectomy in our hospital from December 2021 to July 2022 were selected as the experimental group. Patients of the control group were taken conventional breast pressure bandage + traditional nursing methods. While breast pressure bandage and self-made unilateral breast shoulder brake belt were used in patients of the experimental group. After treatment, the clinical data of the two groups were collected, the drainage volume and comfort score at different time points, the incidence of complications, and the motion range of shoulder joint within 7 days after surgery were compared between the two groups. Results: The motion range of the experimental group after surgery was significantly lower than that of the control group (P＜0.05). The drainage volume at different time points after surgery in the experimental group was significantly less than that in the control group (P＜0.05). The extubation time, length of hospital stay and healing time of the experimental group were significantly lower than those of the control group, and the incidence of complications of the experimental group was significantly less than that of the control group (P＜0.05). The postoperative pain score of the experimental group was significantly lower than that of the control group, and the postoperative comfort score was significantly higher than that of the control group (P＜ 0.05). Conclusion: Using the self-made unilateral breast shoulder brake belt in the initial recovery process of patients who received radical mastectomy for breast cancer could avoid significant complications in recovery, shorten the length of hospital stay and extubation time of patients, accelerate the recovery of surgical incisions and affected limbs, and help patients return to normal life as soon as possible.

Objective: To study the expression of death receptor 6 (DR6) in esophageal cancer and the effect of cellular communication network factor 1 (CCN1) on the expression of DR6, and to find new molecular targets for the treatment of esophageal cancer. Methods: The expression of DR6 and CCN1 in esophageal cancer was analyzed by Real-Time PCR, immunohistochemistry and Western Blot. The effect of CCN1 on the expression of DR6 was analyzed by cell transfection experiment. Results: The expression of DR6 mRNA in esophageal cancer cell lines was higher than that in normal esophageal epithelial cells (P＜0.05). Western Blot and immunohistochemical analysis showed that DR6 and CCN1 were both expressed in esophageal carcinoma and increased in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (P＜0.05). CCN1 up-regulated the protein expression of DR6 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma cell lines (P＜0.05). Conclusion: The expression of DR6 and CCN1 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma is higher than that in normal epithelial cells, which may be involved in the occurrence and development of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. CCN1 can affect the expression of DR6, which may affect the biological function of DR6.

As the third malignant tumor in the world, colorectal cancer has caused a great burden on the society. In recent years, immunotherapy has been dominated by immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). ICIs are highly effective in patients with microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) or deficiency of mismatch repair (dMMR) metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), which provide new ways to treat advanced colorectal cancer. Although ICIs achieve significant therapeutic effects in mCRC patients with dMMR/MSI-H subtypes, only a few members of CRC patients can benefit from ICIs due to primary immune resistance. Besides, patients who benefit from initial ICIs may develop the secondary therapeutic resistance during the treatment process, which may ultimately lead to disease progression. However, tumor tissue is interdependent with the tumor microenvironment (TME), and various molecules and cells in the microenvironment have complex effects on the development of the tumor and immunotherapy. Among them, the composition change of TME may have a close relationship to immune resistance. Therefore, the mechanisms between immune resistance and the tumor microenvironment were elaborated to summarize and explore the possible mechanisms of immune resistance in colorectal cancer.