Objective: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and changing trend of hepatitis C in Kundulun District of Baotou City from 2016 to 2025, and to optimize the prevention and control strategy of hepatitis C in the future. Methods: Data of reported hepatitis C cases in Kundulun District during 2016-2025 were extracted from the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System. Epidemiological differences in terms of population distribution, regional distribution and seasonal onset characteristics were compared. Joinpoint regression model was adopted combined with demographic characteristic statistics to carry out multi-dimensional cross-verification. Results: The overall incidence rate of hepatitis C presented a statistically significant declining trend (P＜0.001). The predominant affected population was males aged 41 to 60 years, accounting for 38.15% of all cases. In terms of occupational distribution, housekeepers and unemployed people ranked the highest with a proportion of 49.06%. Conclusion: The hepatitis C epidemic shows a continuous downward trend in this district, with middle-aged and elderly residents as well as unemployed groups being high-risk susceptible populations, indicating that existing prevention and control measures have achieved remarkable effects. In the follow-up work, it is necessary to integrate molecular epidemiological research and multi-source big data, strengthen targeted screening among high-risk groups, and further implement precise prevention and control interventions.

Objective: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of human brucellosis in Kundulun District of Baotou City, and to provide reference for the prevention and control of human brucellosis in Kundulun District. Methods: Data on human brucellosis in Kundulun District, Baotou City from 2016 to 2025 were collected from the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention. Multidimensional analysis was conducted using epidemiological statistical methods. The χ² test was applied for the comparison of categorical data, and the Kruskal-Wallis H test was used for the comparison of the onset-to-diagnosis interval. Results: A total of 435 cases of human brucellosis were reported in Kundulun District, Baotou City from 2016 to 2025, with an average annual incidence rate of 5.53/100 000 population and no fatal cases. The incidence rate showed a significant linear upward trend over the years (χ²=40.794,P＜0.001). The peak incidence occurred from April to July, accounting for 46.67% of the total cases. The male-to-female ratio of cases was 3.14∶1. Most cases were aged 41-60 years, accounting for 56.32%, and farmers were the main occupation, accounting for 50.11%. Statistically significant differences were observed in the onset-to-diagnosis interval across (H=17.250, P=0.045), whereas no significant difference was found in this interval among different years (H=13.525, P=0.260). The median onset-to-diagnosis interval was 14 days. Conclusion: The reported number of human brucellosis cases in Kundulun District, Baotou City from 2016 to 2025 show a fluctuating pattern, with middle-aged and elderly male farmers as the predominant affected population and an obvious seasonal distribution. To effectively contain the epidemic, publicity, health education and preventive measures should be deployed in advance before the peak season. The sensitivity of human brucellosis surveillance should be continuously improved, and an inter-departmental joint prevention and control mechanism should be strengthened to prevent further spread of the disease.

Objective: To explore the theoretical basis of Wuweiqingzhuo on the treatment of atherosclerosis by network pharmacology and molecular docking. Methods: The targets of related components of Wuweiqingzhuo were searched through the TCMSP database of traditional Chinese medicine system pharmacology, and the targets of atherosclerosis were searched in the Genecards database. Venny 2.1.0 online software was used for mapping analysis to obtain the Venn diagram of the targets corresponding to the components of Wuweiqingzhuo and the targets of atherosclerosis. At the same time, the intersection targets of the two were obtained for subsequent analysis. The intersection targets were imported into Cytoscape 3.9.1 to construct a drug-component-target-disease network diagram. The common targets of Wuweiqingzhuo-atherosclerosis were imported into the STRING database to obtain relevant data and imported into Cytoscape 3.9.1 software, and the top-ranked targets were selected as the core targets. The Meta Scape online website was used to perform GO functional enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis on the common targets involved in the Wuweiqingzhuo-atherosclerosis target network. Subsequently, five core components and five core targets of Wuweiqingzhuo acting on atherosclerosis were subjected to molecular simulation. The active component structure and the 3D structure of the core protein were downloaded from the PubChem and PDB databases, and molecular docking was performed through the CB-Dock2 online website. The lower the binding energy between the ligand molecule and the receptor protein, the more stable the molecule is. The optimal docking conformation was screened and the results were visualized. Result: Through screening, 289 targets corresponding to the main active components in Wuweiqingzhuo were related to atherosclerosis. GO and KEGG analysis showed that the effect of Wuweiqingzhuo on the treatment of atherosclerosis was mainly related to the P13K-AKT, MAPK, and AGE-RAGE pathways. Conclusion: Wuwei Qingzhuo may contain components that have therapeutic effects on atherosclerosis, such as quercetin and piperlongumine, and may be effectively intervened through P13K-AKT, MAPK, AGE-RAGE and other pathways, thereby reducing the inflammatory response and reflecting the theory of multi-target integration mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine.

Objective: To analyze the formulation rules of Mongolian medicine prescriptions in bronchial asthma based on machine learning. Methods: A total of 236 traditional Chinese and Mongolian medicinal formulae for the treatment of bronchial asthma were collected from classic ancient texts, including the Dictionary of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulae, the Treatise on Cold Damage Disorders, and the Essentials from the Golden Cabinet. The preprocessed formula data were described in a structured format. High-frequency herbs in the formulae were analyzed based on the machine learning Apriori algorithm, and herb-pair mining was conducted. Results: Through repeated adjustments of support, confidence, and lift thresholds, 25 association rules were generated, with 9 valuable rule subsets selected. Two core high-frequency combinations and two characteristic compatibility combinations were discovered. Conclusion: The valuable rule subset, high frequency core and characteristic compatibility combination obtained from the study can provide theoretical reference and scientific basis for the clinical treatment of bronchial asthma with traditional Chinese medicine, and have important clinical guiding significance for improving the quality of life and prolonging the survival time of patients with bronchial asthma.

Objective: To explore the molecular characteristics and functional changes of hypothalamic oligodendrocyte (OLIG) lineage in macaca fascicularis with diabetes mellitus (DM) and obesity Based on single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data, and to reveal its potential mechanism in metabolic abnormalities. Methods: Based on hypothalamic scRNA-seq data in diabetes mellitus group, the OLIG lineage subtypes were identified, the differentially expressed genes between the groups were calculated and the functional enrichment analysis was performed. The changes of intercellular communication characteristics were analyzed, and the diabetes mellitus-related gene modules were identified by single cell weighted gene co-expression analysis, and the core regulatory pathways and key genes were explored. Results: Seven OLIG lineage subtypes were identified: oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPC), committed oligodendrocyte (COP), myelinating oligodendrocytes (MFOL), and mature oligodendrocytes (MOL1-MOL4). In the diabetes group, differentially expressed genes were enriched in the insulin signaling pathway. Co-downregulated genes in OPCs were associated with neural support, whereas upregulated genes were involved in stress response. The lineage communication was significantly remodeled, with enhanced FGFR1 and PSAP-GPR37L1 signaling and NRXN-NLGN-mediated synaptic imbalance. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis identified the M2, M3, M6, and M7 modules, which were implicated in neurodegenerative diseases and energy metabolism. Conclusion: Diabetes mellitus and obesity induce abnormalities in neural support function and synaptic imbalance through the regulation of OLIG lineage subtype composition, gene expression, cellular communication, and module functions. This study establishes a molecular association between metabolic abnormalities and central neuropathology, offering novel insights for the intervention of associated neurodegenerative diseases.

Objective: To evaluate the protective effect of PD-L1 inhibitor BMS202 on ionizing radiation in mouse intestinal cells, and to explore its application value as a potential radiation protective agent. Methods: Normal mouse intestinal epithelial cell line MODE-K and human normal colonic mucosal epithelial cell line NCM-460 were treated with ionizing radiation (6.5 Gy) and pretreated with BMS202. The effects of BMS202 on cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle and PD-L1 expression were evaluated by colony formation assay, flow cytometry and Western blot RT-qPCR. Results: The expression of PD-L1 in MODE-K and NCM-460 cells was significantly increased after ionizing radiation, and BMS202 could significantly improve the proliferation of cells, reduce radiation-induced apoptosis, and inhibit radiation-induced G2/M phase cell cycle arrest. In addition, BMS202 pretreatment also effectively reduced the radiation damage of intestinal tissue in mice and improved the integrity of intestinal villi and crypt depth. Conclusion: BMS202 alleviates radiation-induced intestinal tissue damage by inhibiting radiation-induced up-regulation of PD-L1, enhancing cell viability, reducing apoptosis, and improving cell cycle distribution.

Objective: To investigate the effect of conditioned medium secreted by astrocytes (C8-D1A) under hypoxic preconditioning (HPC) on the metabolism and survival status of neural stem cells (NE-4C cells) treated with oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD), and to provide a reference for the study of the neuroprotective effect of glial cells in the process of stroke. Methods: The C8-D1A conditioned medium treated with different hypoxia conditions was collected and added to the NE-4C cell culture system for grouping: control group (C group, normal medium), OGD treatment group, OGD+C group, OGD+H group and OGD+HPC group. Real-time PCR was used to detect the expression of the key rate-limiting enzymes in central carbon metabolism in NE-4C cells. The expression of apoptosis regulatory proteins BAX and BCL2 was detected by Western blot. TUNEL staining was used to detect the apoptosis. Results: C8-D1A hypoxic preconditioning medium could enhance the viability of NE-4C cells under OGD condition to a certain extent (P＜0.01). Compared with C group, in the glycolytic pathway, the expression levels of HK1 and PKM in OGD group were significantly increased (P＜0.05), while the expression level of LDHA in OGD group was significantly higher than that in OGD+HPC group (P＜0.05). In the pentose phosphate pathway, the expression level of G6PD in the OGD group was significantly decreased (P＜0.05), and the expression level of G6PD in the OGD+C group and the OGD+HPC group was significantly increased (P＜0.05). In the fatty acid synthesis pathway, the expression levels of IDH1 and IDH2 in the OGD group were significantly decreased (P＜0.05), and the expression level of IDH3A was significantly increased (P＜0.05). The expression level of IDH3B in OGD+C group was significantly increased (P＜0.05), and the expression level of CS was significantly decreased (P＜0.05). The expression level of IDH2 in OGD+HPC group was significantly increased (P＜0.05), and the expression levels of IDH3 A, IDH3 B and CS were significantly decreased (P＜0.05). Compared with the OGD+C group, the expression of BAX/BCL2 in the OGD group was increased, Compared with the OGD group, the group subjected to OGD treatment after adding the culture medium of C8-D1A astrocytes exhibited a decreased expression level of BAX/BCL2 (P＜0.05) and there was no significant change compared with the C group. The number of TUNEL+cells in NE-4C cells in OGD+H group was significantly higher than that in OGD, OGD+C and OGD+HPC groups (P＜0.05). Conclusion: HPC-induced astrocyte conditioned medium under OGD conditions plays a neuroprotective role in NE4C cells.

Objective: To investigate the effects of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) on the proliferation and differentiation of hair follicle stem cells (FSCs) cultured in vitro in neonatal rats. Methods: FSCswere isolated and cultured from the vibrissa of SD neonatal rats. FSCsin logarithmic growth phase were made into single cell suspension and divided into blank group, lithium chloride (LiCl) group, low concentration, medium concentration and high concentration of IGF-1groups (IGF-1concentrations were 10, 50, 100 ng/L). The cell proliferation activity of each group was detected by MTT assay. The expression of CK10, CK14, CK15, CK19and Involucrin in each group was detected by immunofluorescence staining, and the effect of IGF-1on the differentiation of FSCswas analyzed. Results: The results of MTT assay showed that the proliferation activity of FSCsin LiCl group and low concentration of IGF-1group was higher than that in blank group after 2 days of culture, and the proliferation activity of FSCsin low concentration, medium concentration and high concentration of IGF-1groups increased in a concentration-dependent manner (P＜0.05). The proportion of CK10positive cells in the LiCl group was higher than that in the blank group, and the proportion of CK15, CK19and Involucrin positive cells was lower than that in the blank group; the proportion of CK10positive cells in the low concentration, medium concentration and high concentration of IGF-1 groups decreased in turn, and the proportion of CK15positive cells increased in turn, and compared with the blank group and the LiCl group, the statistical difference was significant (P＜0.05); the proportion of Involucrin positive cells in the IGF-1high concentration group was higher than that in the medium concentration and the low concentration of IGF-1groups, and the statistical difference was significant (P＜0.05). Conclusion: IGF-1promotes the proliferation of FSCs in vitro in a concentration-dependent manner. Different from LiCl, IGF-1mainly promotes the differentiation of FSCsinto spinous layer and granular layer.

Objective: To investigate the expression and significance of CD73 and CD39 in gastric mucosa of adult patients with nodular gastritis. Methods: Patients who were admitted to the gastroscope room of the Institute of Digestive Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology from September 2023 to April 2024 were selected. According to endoscopic manifestations, pathological examinations and Helicobacter pylori (Hp) breath test, a total of 60 patients with nodular gastritis and control group were screened, and the enrolled patients were divided into nodular gastritis group (NG group, 20 cases), Hp+positive chronic non-atrophic gastritis group (20 cases) and Hp-negative chronic non-atrophic gastritis (20 cases), while all patients in the nodular gastritis group had Hp infection. The gastric mucosa specimens were collected, and the positive staining and protein expression of CD73 and CD39 in gastric mucosa of each group were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western-blot. Results: The results of immunohistochemistry showed that CD73 and CD39 proteins were positive and weakly positive in the gastric mucosa of NG group, Hp positive chronic non-atrophic gastritis group and Hp negative chronic non-atrophic gastritis group. Compared with Hp positive chronic non-atrophic gastritis group, the expression of CD73 and CD39 in gastric mucosa of NG group was more significant (P＜0.05). Western-blot results showed that compared with the Hp-negative chronic non-atrophic gastritis group, the expression of CD73 in the NG group and the Hp-positive chronic non-atrophic gastritis group was statistically significant (P＜0.05); however, there was no statistically significant difference in the expression of CD73 between the NG group and the Hp-positive chronic non-atrophic gastritis group. Compared with NG group, CD39 was significant in Hp positive chronic non-atrophic gastritis group and Hp negative chronic non-atrophic gastritis group (P＜0.05). There was no significant difference between Hp positive chronic non-atrophic gastritis group and Hp negative chronic non-atrophic gastritis group. Conclusion: The expression of CD73 and CD39 in gastric mucosa of patients with nodular gastritis is increased.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of intrathecal morphine injection in combined spinal-epidural anesthesia with midline epidural analgesia using hydromorphone during laparoscopic colorectal cancer surgery, focusing on analgesia efficacy, rehabilitation outcomes, and safety. Methods: A total of 100 patients scheduled for elective laparoscopic radical resection of colorectal cancer at the First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical University were enrolled. Patients were randomly divided into an experimental group (n=50) and a control group (n=50). The pain levels were assessed using VAS at 12 h, 24 h, 48 h and 120 h after operation, and the score changes at different time points were recorded. The sleep quality after operation was evaluated by PSQI score, and the sleep scores at 12 h, 24 h, 48 h and 120 h after operation were recorded. The occurrence of adverse reactions such as postoperative nausea and vomiting, skin itching and respiratory depression were observed and recorded. The changes of postoperative rehabilitation indexes, defecation exhaust time and hospitalization time were evaluated. Results: At 12-48 h after operation, the VAS score of the control group was significantly higher than that of the experimental group (P＜0.05), while there was no significant difference in VAS score between the two groups at 120 h after operation (P＞0.05). The VAS and PSQI scores of the two groups decreased significantly with time (P＜0.05). The PSQI score of the control group was significantly higher than that of the experimental group during the 12-48 h period (P＜0.05), and there was no difference in PSQI score between the two groups at 120 h after operation (P＞0.05). The incidence of nausea and vomiting in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group (P＜0.05), there was no significant difference in the incidence of skin itching between the two groups (P＞0.05) and no respiratory depression occurred in both groups. The defecation, exhaust time and hospitalization days of the experimental group were significantly shorter than those of the control group (P＜0.05). Conclusion: Epidural injection of hydromorphone for postoperative analgesia in laparoscopic colorectal cancer surgery demonstrates superior efficacy compared to conventional methods in effectively alleviating postoperative pain without increased incidence of adverse reactions, indicating good safety profile. Additionally, this analgesic approach promotes postoperative recovery and significantly reduces hospitalization duration.

Objective: To investigate the effectiveness of smart chronic disease management platform combined with family doctor contracting services in community-based hypertension management. Methods: A total of 60 community-based hypertensive patients diagnosed and treated at the Lecheng Community Health Center of the Third People′s Hospital of Longgang District from April to September 2024 were selected as the study subjects. They were divided into a control group and an intervention group using a random number table method. The control group received conventional chronic disease follow-up combined with health education (including exercise and dietary guidance); on the basis of the intervention of the control group, The intervention group received family doctor contracted services and a smart chronic disease management platform. The differences in relevant indicators before and after the intervention were analyzed between the two groups. Results: After management, the systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure in the intervention group were lower than those in the control group, the medication compliance scores were higher than those in the control group, and the total treatment satisfaction rate was higher than that in the control group. (P＜0.05). Conclusion: In daily management, family doctor contracting services combined with smart chronic disease management platform can actively improve the fluctuation range of blood pressure level of community-based hypertensive patients, and the satisfaction is high.

Objective: To investigate the prognostic value of combined detection of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) and serum angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) level in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Methods: Patients with non-small cell lung cancer who were treated in our hospital from May 2022 to November 2023 were collected as the study group (n=93), and healthy subjects were selected as the control group (n=93). The quantitative parameters of 18F-FDG PET/CT [ including metabolic volume (MTV), total lesion glycolysis (TLG), maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax)] and serum Ang-2 level were compared between the two groups. According to whether there were adverse events (recurrence, metastasis, death) at 6 months after treatment, the study group was divided into two subgroups: good prognosis and poor prognosis. The quantitative parameters of 18F-FDG PET/CT and serum Ang-2 level at admission were compared between the two groups, and the predictive value for the prognosis of patients was analyzed. RR risk was used to analyze the early warning effect of quantitative parameters of 18F-FDG PET/CT and serum Ang-2 level on poor prognosis. Results: The MTV, TLG, SUVmax and serum Ang-2 in the study group were higher than those in the control group (P＜0.05). SUVmax, MTV, TLG and serum Ang-2 in patients with good prognosis were lower than those in patients with poor prognosis(P＜0.05). SUVmax, MTV, TLG and serum Ang-2 were positively correlated with poor prognosis (P＜0.05). The area under the curve (AUC) of SUVmax, MTV, TLG and serum Ang-2 alone in predicting poor prognosis was ＞0.6, but the AUC of each index combined to predict poor prognosis was the highest, which was 0.854 (P＜0.05). The risk of poor prognosis in lung cancer patients with high levels of SUVmax, MTV, TLG and serum Ang-2 was 2.654 times, 2.667 times, 3.681 times and 2.771 times that of low levels, respectively, which had a significant early warning effect on poor prognosis (P＜0.05). Conclusion: The quantitative parameters of 18F-FDG PET/CT and serum Ang-2 level are closely correlated with the prognosis of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, the changes of the above indicators can predict the prognosis of patients.

Objective: To investigate the value of combined detection of cystatin C (CysC), angiopoietin like protein 2 (Ang-2) and soluble tumor suppressor factor 2 (sST2) in the prognosis evaluation of heart failure. Methods: A total of 50 patients with heart failure who were treated in the General Hospital of Shenzhen University from January 2020 to December 2021 were selected as the observation objects. According to the severity of the disease, they were divided into effective treatment group and ineffective treatment group. In the same period, 50 individuals without heart failure confirmed by medical history inquiry, physical examination and laboratory examination in the physical examination center were selected as the control group. The levels of CysC, Ang-2 and sST2 in the three groups were detected and analyzed, and the positive rate and prognosis evaluation accuracy of these indexes were compared with those of single detection and combined detection, and the correlation between these indexes and the prognosis of heart failure was discussed. Results: The improvement of CysC, Ang-2 and sST2 in the effective treatment group was better than that in the ineffective treatment group (P＜0.05). Compared with the control group, the biochemical indexes of patients with heart failure before treatment were increased, and the difference were statistically significant (P＜0.05). Further analysis showed that the positive rate of combined detection of CysC+Ang-2+sST2 was higher than that of single index detection (P＜0.05). In terms of prognostic evaluation accuracy, combined detection also showed higher benefits (P＜0.05). Pearson analysis showed that CysC, Ang-2, sST2, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), C-reactive protein (CRP) and creatinine (Cre) were correlated with the prognosis of patients with heart failure (P＜0.05). ROC curve analysis showed that the AUC value of the combined three indicators was 0.924, the optimal critical value was 48.845, the sensitivity was as high as 97.5%, the specificity was 84.0%, and the Youden index was 0.715.Combined detection showed the best predictive value, and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05). Conclusion: The combination of CysC, Ang-2 and sST2 can accurately judge the prognostic risk of heart failure and has high prognostic value.

Objective: To analyze the effect of family participatory nursing on the nursing effect and complication rate of patients with liver cirrhosis. Methods: From January 2022 to December 2024, 72 patients with liver cirrhosis treated in our hospital were divided into two groups according to the computer grouping method.36 patients in the control group (routine nursing ) and 36 patients in the experimental group (health education and supportive nursing based on family participatory nursing). The patients′self-perception of disease was evaluated by referring to the Brief Ageing Perceptions Questionnaire (B-APQ), the patients′quality of life was evaluated by the Health-Related Quality of Life Scale (HRQOL), the patients′satisfaction with nursing was evaluated by self-made nursing satisfaction, and the total complication rate was evaluated. Results: Before nursing, the B-APQ score and HRQOL score of the two groups were basically the same (P＞0.05). After nursing, the B-APQ score of the experimental group was lower than that of the control group, the HRQOL score of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group, the total complication rate of the experimental group was lower than that of the control group, and the total nursing satisfaction of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group (P＜0.05). Conclusion: Health education and supportive nursing based on family participatory nursing can effectively improve the self-perception attitude, quality of life and nursing satisfaction of patients with liver cirrhosis, and reduce the incidence of complications, which is of great significance to promote disease rehabilitation.

Impacted teeth are common dental developmental abnormalities in oral clinic. Extraction surgery is challenging due to complex anatomical structure and high risk. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) is a kind of oral three-dimensional imaging technology. Its high-resolution anatomical details significantly improve the accuracy of positioning, surgical planning and minimally invasive extraction of impacted teeth. Through three-dimensional analysis, CBCT has promoted the transformation of impacted teeth extraction from experience-driven to data-driven. It is expected that the combination of artificial intelligence technology will further optimize the minimally invasive surgery process in the future.

Hypoxic preconditioning (HPC), as a tolerance phenomenon formed by the body under mild or intermittent hypoxic stimulation, has become an important research hotspot in the field of neuroprotection. Studies have shown that HPC can significantly improve the resistance of the nervous system to hypoxia, ischemia and metabolic stress, but its mechanism is complex, involving multi-level processes such as transcriptional regulation, metabolic reprogramming, cell signaling pathways, and neural network adaptation. In recent years, with the rapid development of metabolomics and single-cell technology, the core role of HPC in the regulation of central carbon metabolism (including glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, fatty acid oxidation and NAD⁺/NADH redox homeostasis) in nerve cells has been gradually revealed. In addition, studies have shown that HPC can promote glycolysis and lactic acid production through the HIF-1α-PDK-PDH axis, inhibit mitochondrial oxidative metabolism, and affect fatty acid oxidation (FAO) and lactic acid shuttle system, thereby optimizing energy distribution and reducing oxygen consumption. At the same time, signaling networks such as CREB/BDNF, PI3K/Akt, Nrf2, and inflammatory regulatory pathways are involved in HPC-mediated neurosurvival and plasticity enhancement. This review systematically summarizes the neuroprotective mechanisms of HPC, and focuses on the latest findings of central carbon metabolism reprogramming, emphasizing its key role in nerve homeostasis maintenance, energy distribution regulation and antioxidant defense. Finally, this paper looks forward to the potential application of HPC metabolic regulation in neurodegenerative diseases and brain injury intervention, and provides new ideas for future related research.