Objective: To investigate the expression of adrenomedullin (ADM) gene in liver cancer and its effect on the survival and prognosis. Methods: Kaplan-Meier Plotter database was used to analyze the effect of ADM gene expression on overall survival and progression-free survival of patients with liver cancer. Results: The ADM gene in BioGPS database was lowly expressed in human normal liver tissue (16.90±0.00). A total of 425 studies on ADM gene were retrieved from the Oncomine database, while there were 43 studies with statistically significant differential expression, of which 22 studies were highly expressed and 21 studies were lowly expressed. Kaplan-Meier Plotter database results showed that the overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) of patients in the ADM high expression group were significantly shorter than those in the low expression group (P＜0.001). Conclusion: ADM is highly expressed in liver cancer tissue, and the ADM expression is related to the prognosis of liver cancer patients. It is expected to provide an important basis for the treatment and prognosis of liver cancer.

Objective: To study the anti-nonalcoholic steatohepatitis mechanism of total flavonoids from Scabiosa comosa by network pharmacology. Methods: Based on the TCMSP database and literature reports, the main active components of total flavonoids from Scabiosa comosa were obtained. The Swiss Target Prediction server was used to predict the target of its active ingredients according to the reverse pharmacophore matching method, and the targets for improving NASH were screened out through databases such as Genecards, OMIM and Disgenet. The potential targets of drug targets and disease targets were used to make the Venn diagram. The Cytoscape software was used to construct the ' active ingredient-target ' network diagram. The STRING platform was used to construct the protein interaction network. The DAVID database and ClueGO plug-in were used for GO enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway analysis. Results: A total of 43 active components and 439 targets of total flavonoids were screened. The main active components in the network were ononin, camphene -3-O- rutinoside, isorhamnetin, quercetin, luteolin, eupatorium odoratum, etc. The key targets in the protein interaction network were TNF, AKT1, TP53, VEGFA, IL1B, etc. GO enrichment analysis involved 503 biological processes, 54 cellular components and 120 molecular functions. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis screened the top 20 related pathways, mainly acting on VEGF signaling pathway, PPAR signaling pathway, estrogen signaling pathway and so on. Conclusion: The flavonoid components from Scabiosa comosa can play a role in the treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis through multiple targets and multiple pathways. The results provide a scientific basis for further study of the role of Scabiosa comosa in the field of anti-nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.

Objective: To investigate whether intestinal fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) can improve the efficacy of anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) therapy in the treatment of ovarian cancer and its possible mechanisms of action. Methods: Twenty 5-week-old C57bl/6 SPF female mice were randomly divided into four groups, with five mice in each group, namely the control group (NC group), fecal bacteria transplantation FMT group, PD-1 group, and the combined treatment group (FMT combined with PD-1 group). Each group of mice was uniformly treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics for 2 weeks to construct a pseudo sterile mouse model. On day 0, ID8-luc cells were injected intraperitoneally to construct an ovarian cancer bearing mouse model. Before medication and 2 weeks after medication treatment, mice were subjected to one in vivo imaging system (IVIS) to evaluate the therapeutic effect. After the end of the experiment on the 30th day, the mice were decapitated and killed. Peritoneal tumor tissue was taken for HE and immunohistochemical staining to observe the pathological changes of the tumor tissue. Results: The combined treatment group was better than the single PD-1 group in treating ovarian cancer bearing mice, and reduced the expression of PD-L1 in tumor cells (P＜0.05),and increased the infiltration of CD8⁺T cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) (P＜0.05). Conclusion: Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) enhances the efficacy of PD-1 monoclonal antibody in treating ovarian cancer bearing mice by increasing the infiltration of CD8⁺T cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME).

Objective: To identify the related genes in patients with childhood asthma (CA) based on bioinformatics and immunoassay, and to explore its potential value in the diagnosis of CA. Methods: The GSE27011 data set was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, and the differentially expressed genes were screened by RStudio. The immune differences between the disease group and the normal group were analyzed respectively. The PPI network was drawn and the Hub genes were screened. The Hub genes were used to select the genes most related to immunity, and the prediction model was constructed by using the screened genes to make a nomogram. Finally, the independent GSE18965 data set was selected for verification. Results: A total of 37 differentially expressed genes were obtained. The difference analysis of immune cells showed that the levels of natural killer cells and plasma cell-like dendritic cells in CA were higher, and the difference of immune function showed that the cytotoxic activity of CA and the level of promoting inflammatory immune function were higher. Ten Hub genes were selected through the PPI network, and then five genes most related to immunity were screened, namely KLRF1, KLRD1, PRF1, IL2RB, and NCAM1. Using five genes to construct models and verify, it was found that KLRF1, KLRD1, PRF1 genes and CA had high predictive diagnostic value. Conclusion: The identified KLRF1, KLRD1 and PRF1 genes may be biomarkers for the diagnosis of CA, and natural killer cells may be a potential therapeutic target for CA.

Objective: To analyze the core drug pairs and their molecular biological mechanisms for the treatment of hepatitis B cirrhosis based on data mining and network pharmacology. Methods: Retrieve all the literatures related to the application of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of hepatitis B cirrhosis from January 2000 to December 2022 in China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database and VIP Science and Technology Journal, and study the medication rules of the prescriptions that meet the standards. The commonly used core drug pairs were subjected to pharmacological analysis, and the active components, main targets, and action pathways were predicted. Finally, molecular docking technology was used to simulate and verify on the computer. Results: A total of 275 prescriptions for the treatment of hepatitis B cirrhosis were screened. The analysis showed that TCM for the treatment of hepatitis B cirrhosis included 13 kinds of drugs such as Huangqi and Danshen. The core combination mode was 28 groups. Quercetin,Luteolin,Kaempferoland other ingredients were found as the main components of core prescription drugs for the treatment of hepatitis B cirrhosis,involving core targets such as serine/threonine protein kinase 1 (AKT1), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), tumor protein p53 (TP53), interleukin-6 (IL-6), vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), Caspase-3 (CASP3) and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase (PI3K/Akt), TNF, interleukin-17 (Interleukin-17). Conclusion: The treatment principle of hepatitis B cirrhosis is to strengthen the body and relieve masses. "Huangqi-Danshen" can play a role in regulating cell growth, proliferation, survival and inflammatory reaction by interfering with PI3K-Akt, TNF, IL-17 and other signal pathways, so as to delay the progression of liver cirrhosis in hepatitis B.

Objective: To explore the dynamic changes of metabolic activity after multiple intakes of alcohol, and to analyze the induction and gender differences of metabolic enzyme activity. Methods: The end-expiratory alcohol detection method of rats was established by breath alcohol detectors, and the breath alcohol concentration of rats after intragastric administration of alcohol was detected. The time-varying changes of blood alcohol concentration of rats after alcohol intake were dynamically measured, and the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated to evaluate cytochrome P450 2E1(CYP2E1)metabolic activity and gender differences in rats. Results: With the increase of alcohol intake, the metabolic activity of CYP2E1 showed an induced trend (P＜0.05). The activity of alcohol metabolism in female rats was stronger than that in male rats (P＜0.05). Conclusion: Alcohol metabolism and induction have sexual dimorphism.

Objective: To investigate the clinical value of CD26 and CLDN1 in the prevention and treatment of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Methods: Pathological tissue section specimens of 48 surgical patients with PTC admitted to Baotou Cancer Hospital from December 2021 to December 2022 were selected, with tumor tissues as the experimental group and adjacent tissues as the control group. The expression levels of CD26 and CLDN1 in the two groups were measured by immunohistochemistry. SPSS 27.0 was used to analyze the relationship between CD26, CLDN1 and clinicopathology in PTC patients. The correlation between the positive rates of each group was tested by Spearman correlation analysis (α＝0.05). Results: The positive expression rates of CD26 and CLDN1 in tumor tissues were 85.42% and 83.33%, respectively, which were higher than 27.08% and 20.83% in adjacent tissues, and the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05). There was no significant difference in the positive expression rate of CD26 and CLDN1 protein in different PTC patients with different age, gender, maximum tumor diameter, unilateral, bilateral thyroid gland tumors, and invasion of the capsule (all P＞0.05). CD26 and CLDN1 were correlated with lymph node metastasis(P＜0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between the expression of CD26 and CLDN1 in PTC tissues (rs＝0.294, P＜0.05). Conclusion: CD26 and CLDN1 play an important role in the occurrence and development of PTC. Combined detection of CD26 and CLDN1 is helpful to the diagnosis and treatment of PTC.

Objective: To study and analyze the changes of intestinal flora in 1-5 years after cholecystectomy. Methods: A total of 15 fecal samples of healthy people and 16 fecal samples of people 1 to 5 years after cholecystectomy were collected from Baotou Central Hospital. The collected samples were sequenced to analyze the composition, richness and diversity of intestinal microbial flora in the two groups, and to compare the differences of intestinal microbial flora between the two groups. Results: (1) At the phylum level, the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Verrucomicrobia and Fusobacteria increased, while the relative abundance of Actinobacteria decreased in the population 1-5 years after cholecystectomy. (2) At the genus level, the relative abundance of Escherichia, Ruminococcus, Blautia, and Gemmatiaceae increased, while the relative abundance of Faecalibacterium, Bifidobacterium, Collins, and Agathobacter decreased in the population 1 to 5 years after cholecystectomy. The Chao1 index and Observed _ species index of the healthy population group were higher than those of the population group 1-5 years after cholecystectomy, and the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05). The Pielou evenness of the healthy population group was slightly lower than that of the population group 1-5 years after cholecystectomy, and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05). Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcus, Faecalimonas and Burkholderia were the intestinal flora with significant differences between the groups in the population group from 1 to 5 years after cholecystectomy. Conclusion: (1) The composition of intestinal flora in the population 1-5 years after cholecystectomy has changed. (2) The relative abundance of short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria and probiotics in the population 1-5 years after cholecystectomy decreased, while the relative abundance of pathogenic bacteria increased.

Objective: To construct a gene plasmid vector carrying NLRP3 and NLRP12 mutations in Wistar rats according to the NLRP3 (p.V72M, c.214G＞A) and NLRP12 (p.R754H, c.2261G＞A) gene mutation sites of the familial cold autoinflammatory syndrome (FCAS) family. Methods: According to the amino acid homology, the NLRP3 and NLRP12 gene mutation plasmids of rats were designed. The target genes were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and recovered. The double enzyme digestion and connection were performed on the pCMV-mCherry-MCS-Neo vector. The connected products were transformed into competent cells. The positive transformants were identified by colony PCR, plasmid extraction electrophoresis and sequencing. Results: Agarose gel electrophoresis showed that the NLRP3 and NLRP12 mutant genes were successfully amplified. The gene mutation plasmid was confirmed by enzyme digestion electrophoresis and DNA sequencing. The gene sequence was completely correct and the recombinant plasmid vector was successfully constructed. Conclusion: The plasmid vectors of NLRP3 and NLRP12 gene mutations is successfully constructed, which provides a biological basis for further exploring the pathogenesis of FCAS caused by NLRP3 and NLRP12 gene mutations and the functional study of NLRP3 and NLRP12 genes.

Objective: To explore the current situation and influencing factors of long-term cognitive dysfunction in patients with valvular heart disease after operation, and to provide basis for postoperative nursing and rehabilitation guidance. Methods: A total of 248 patients with valvular heart disease who were admitted to the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery of Yijishan Hospital from May 2022 to May 2023 were selected as the research objects. The T-MoCA scale was used to evaluate the patients at the third month after operation to determine whether the patients had postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD). Results: The incidence of POCD in patients with valvular heart disease was 17.8% at 3 months after operation. The results of univariate analysis showed that age, education level, combined cerebrovascular disease, BMI, preoperative T-MoCA score, anesthesia time, cardiopulmonary bypass time, mechanical ventilation time, postoperative hospitalization days, total hospitalization days and postoperative ICU hospitalization time were the influencing factors of POCD in the third month after operation, and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that advanced age, long cardiopulmonary bypass time, high BMI, long postoperative ICU hospitalization time, and cerebrovascular disease were independent risk factors for POCD in the third month after surgery (P＜0.05). Conclusion: The incidence of cognitive dysfunction in elderly patients with valvular heart disease is higher in the third month after operation. Patients with advanced age, cerebrovascular disease, high BMI, low preoperative T-MOCA score, anesthesia time, cardiopulmonary bypass time, mechanical ventilation time, postoperative hospitalization days, total hospitalization days, and long postoperative ICU hospitalization time are at higher risk. Therefore, effective measures and means should be taken to reduce the incidence of POCD, improve the prognosis of patients, and shorten the postoperative rehabilitation treatment and nursing time.

Objective: To explore the genes and mechanisms in colorectal cancer and adjacent tissues at different distances by bioinformatics analysis. Methods: Eukaryotic mRNA was sequenced by Illumina Novaseq 6000 sequencing platform. Results: Differential expression analysis showed that there were 28 000 differentially expressed genes in the upper margin group of colorectal cancer, of which 11 735 were up-regulated and 16 265 were down-regulated. There were 32 438 differentially expressed genes in the lower margin group of colorectal cancer, of which 11 477 were up-regulated and 20 961 were down-regulated. The differentially expressed genes IGF2BP1, ADAM12, CDON, AKAP6, IGSF9B, LONR2 and KCNB1 were found to be down-regulated in colorectal cancer tissues and adjacent tissues at different distances. Functional annotation analysis of differential genes showed that differential genes were mainly involved in cellular processes, and the pathways involved were mainly metabolism, signal transduction and immune system. In terms of pathogenesis, it mainly exists in cancer, nervous system diseases and gastrointestinal system diseases. Differential gene enrichment analysis showed that differential genes were mainly in cardiac conduction, collagen fiber tissue, collagen decomposition process, etc., and the enriched pathways were mainly human papillomavirus infection pathway and P13K-Akt signaling pathway. Conclusion: The expression of differential genes IGF2BP1, ADAM12, CDON, AKAP6, IGSF9 B, LONR2 and KCNB1 is down-regulated in colorectal cancer tissues and adjacent tissues at different distances. Differential genes exist in cells and are mainly involved in metabolic pathways, signal transduction pathways, and immune system pathways. The pathogenesis mainly exists in cancer, nervous system diseases and gastrointestinal system diseases.

血清前列腺特异性抗原(prostate-specific antigen, PSA)这一血清标志物目前已被广泛运用到前列腺癌(prostate cancer, PCa)的筛查和诊断,但对于血清总前列腺特异性抗原(total prostate-specific antigen 2, tPSA)处于4～10 ng/mL诊断灰区的前列腺癌,其诊断意义有限。为提高了前列腺癌患者PSA处于灰区时的诊断率,减少不必要的有创穿刺操作,本文就前列腺特异性抗原同源异构体2(prostate-specific antigen isoform 2, p2PSA)及前列腺健康指数(prostate health index, PHI)对于早期有临床意义前列腺癌(clinically significant prostate cancer, csPCa)诊断的临床应用价值,与前列腺癌的侵袭性,以及对于前列腺癌患者的疾病进展、预后、复发等方面都具有潜在的作用进行论述。近些年,多参数磁共振成像(mpMRI)也成为了预测csPCa的常用工具,使用MRI和PHI相互补充可用于检测早期有临床意义的前列腺癌。

Objective: To investigate the relationship between the activity and gene polymorphism of coagulation factor Ⅻ and the risk of recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) in Baotou Han population. Methods: RSA patients and healthy pregnant women were selected as the research objects. The activity of coagulation factor Ⅻ was measured. The genotype composition of FⅫ gene single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs1801020 was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). The results of the two groups were analyzed to determine the correlation between FⅫ gene SNP rs1801020 and RSA under different genetic models. Results: There were significant differences in the genotype and allele frequency distribution of SNP rs1801020 in FⅫ gene between the two groups (P＜0.05); the frequency of T allele in RSA group was lower than that in control group (χ²=8.756, OR=2.043, 95%CI: 1.267-3.295,P<0.05); the frequency of CT genotype in RSA group was higher than that in control group, while the frequency of TT genotype was lower than that in control group, and the difference was statistically significant (χ²=9.905, OR=2.611, 95%CI: 1.447-4.713,P＜0.05); FⅫ activity in RSA patients was different among rs1801020 genotypes, and the order of activity was CC, CT and TT. FⅫ SNP rs1801020 was associated with the risk of RSA under codominant, dominant and overdominant models (OR=2.611, 2.636, 2.470, P＜0.05); compared with TT genotype, CT and CT+CC genotypes could increase the risk of RSA; compared with CC+TT genotype, CT genotype could increase the risk of RSA. Conclusion: The difference in the distribution of FⅫ rs1801020 between the two groups may be related to the risk of RSA in Baotou Han women. Compared with TT genotype, mutant heterozygous CT genotype may increase the risk of RSA, the T allele of rs1801020 locus of FⅫ gene can cause the decrease of FⅫ activity.

Objective: To compare the effects of closed reduction under non-anesthesia and axillary brachial plexus block on patients with distal radius fractures. Methods: From May 2021 to May 2023, 88 patients aged 0~16 years old who underwent distal radius fracture treatment in Beijing Jishuitan Hospital Guizhou Hospital were selected and randomly divided into control group (44 patients) and experimental group (44 patients). The control group underwent closed reduction under non-anesthesia, the experimental group underwent closed reduction under axillary brachial plexus block. Mean artery pressure (MAP), mean heart rate and mean respiration were measured. The wrist joint activity before and after reduction was recorded. Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) was used to evaluate the degree of patients' own pain. The success rate of reduction and the incidence of complications in the two groups were recorded. Results: After reduction, the MAP, mean heart rate and mean respiration level in the experimental group were lower than those in the control group (P＜0.05). The levels of radial bias angle, palm curvature, pronation and supination in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group (P＜0.05). The VAS score level at the immediate, 12 h, 24 h and 48 h postoperative period in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group (P＜0.05). The reduction success rate in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group (P＜0.05). The overall complication rate was slightly higher in the experimental group than that in the control group (P＞0.05). Conclusion: Compared with closed reduction under non-anesthetic state, closed reduction under axillary brachial plexus block can reduce blood pressure, heart rate, respiration and pain in children with distal radius fracture, improve their wrist function and success rate of reduction, with high safety.

Objective: To detect differentially expressed miRNAs in exosomes derived from intestinal epithelial cells of essential hypertensive rats, and to enrich and analyze their target genes. Methods: Three Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and three Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) were selected as the research objects. The expression of miRNA in exosomes derived from intestinal epithelial cells of rats was detected by high-throughput sequencing. The differentially expressed miRNAs in the two groups of rats were screened and their target genes were predicted. The target genes were analyzed by Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) using biological function software. Results: Compared with the WKY group, there were 37 differentially expressed miRNAs in the SHR group (All P＜0.05), 32 miRNAs were up-regulated and 5 miRNAs were down-regulated. Among them, rno-miR-208b-3p, rno-miR-134-5p, rno-miR-93-3p, rno-miR-378b, rno-miR-96-5p, rno-miR-210-3p, and rno-miR-208a-3p were noteworthy. A total of 10 662 miRNA downstream target genes were predicted, and a total of 34 127 target sites were predicted. GO enrichment was mainly concentrated in membrane-bound organelles, protein binding, and positively regulated biological processes. KEGG enrichment was mainly concentrated in MAPK, mTOR, Ras and TNF signaling pathways. Conclusion: The expression of miRNA in exosomes derived from intestinal epithelial cells of essential hypertensive rats was significantly different. Its target genes may be involved in MAPK, mTOR, Ras and TNF signaling pathways through cell growth and differentiation, angiogenesis and metabolic function, thus affecting the occurrence and development of hypertensive diseases.

Objective: To investigate the role of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in the mechanism of skeletal muscle fibrosis and its relationship with Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Methods: Seventy-two 20-week-old male C57 mice were randomly divided into normal group, model group and intervention group. The skeletal muscle injury model was established by fixed click method. The normal group was not modeled, and the model group and the intervention group were modeled. After successful modeling, the normal group and the model group were given 1mL normal saline daily by gavage, and the intervention group was given daily celecoxib (COX-2 specific inhibitor) by gavage at a dose of 100 mg/kg dissolved in 1ml normal saline. Each group was divided into 3 days, 7 days, 14 days, 21 days four subgroups (n=6) according to the sampling time. The expression of COX-2 and β-catenin in skeletal muscle tissue sections of each group was detected by immunohistochemical staining. Results: There was a small amount of COX-2 and β-catenin expression in skeletal muscle tissue of normal mice. Compared with the normal group, the expression of COX-2 and β-catenin in the model group was significantly increased (P＜0.01). Compared with the model group, the expression of COX-2 and β-catenin in the intervention group was significantly decreased (P＜0.01). Conclusion: COX-2 may affect the expression of β-catenin in skeletal muscle fibrosis by interfering with the expression of β-catenin.

Objective: To investigate the differences in the occupation, age, gender and serum agglutination test (SAT) antibody titers between asymptomatic Brucellosis cases and acute Brucellosis cases, with the purpose of providing basic information to the prevention and treatment of Brucellosis. Methods: Using a completely random sampling method, 164 acute brucellosis patients and 160 latent brucellosis infections diagnosed according to the "Diagnostic Criteria for Brucellosis" in the Ximeng region from January to December 2019 were selected as the research subjects.Compare the patient's age and SAT titers after logarithmic transformation using two independent sample t-tests; Compare occupation and gender using χ² test.Results: Comparison of occupation between the two groups of patients, the differences were statistically significant (χ²=15.837, P＜0.05). Comparison of age and SAT titer in the two groups, the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05). Patients with asymptomatic Brucellosis were younger than acute Brucellosis cases, and the SAT titer of symptomatic Brucellosis cases was higher than acute Brucellosis cases. There was no significant difference in gender between the two groups of patients (χ²=0.018, P＞0.05). Conclusion: The infection status of brucellosis may be related to occupation, age, and SAT antibody titers.

Objective: To systematically evaluate the efficacy and adverse reactions of epirubicin (EPI) and mitomycin (MMC) in patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) after perfusion chemotherapy. Methods: CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, SinoMed, PubMed, Embase, The Cochrance Library and Web of science were searched for Chinese and English randomized controlled trials of epirubicin and mitomycin in the treatment of NMIBC from the establishment of the database to January 2023. RevMan 5.3 software was used to perform a meta-analysis of postoperative tumor recurrence rate, total incidence of adverse reactions, incidence of bladder irritation, liver and kidney function damage, and hematuria in the EPI group and the MMC group. Results: There were 16 studies that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, with a total of 1244 patients, while 626 patients in the EPI group and 618 patients in the MMC group. The results of meta-analysis showed that the postoperative tumor recurrence rate [OR=0.55,95%CI(0.41, 0.73), P＜0.01], the incidence of total adverse reactions [OR=0.56,95%CI(0.38, 0.82), P=0.003], the incidence of bladder irritation [OR=0.54, 95%CI(0.37, 0.77), P=0.0007], the incidence of hematuria [OR=0.53,95%CI(0.33, 0.85), P=0.009], and the incidence of liver and kidney dysfunction [OR=0.26, 95%CI(0.10, 0.69), P=0.007] in the EPI group were significantly lower than those in the MMC group (P＜0.05). Conclusion: EPI is superior to MMC in terms of therapeutic effect and total incidence of adverse reactions. EPI bladder perfusion is recommended to prevent tumor recurrence and improve the prognosis of patients after bladder cancer surgery.

Objective: To analyze the related indexes of vaginal microecology that affect the infection and outcome of high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV), and to explore the correlation between HR-HPV and vaginal microecology, so as to provide the corresponding basis for the diagnosis and treatment of HR-HPV infection. Methods: Retrospective analysis of patients who underwent HR-HPV and vaginal secretion tests at the First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College from September 2021 to March 2023. According to the inclusion criteria, 1 052 cases of HR-HPV infection were selected, while 526 cases in the positive group and 526 cases in the negative group, and 131 cases in the returned portion: 76 cases in the returned group and 55 cases in the persistently infected group. The differences in the vaginal microecology of the above patients were compared between the groups. Results: (1) Age was correlated with HR-HPV infection and regression (P＜0.05). (2)The proportion of abnormal vaginal cleanliness, bacterial vaginitis (BV), pH＞4.5, H₂O₂(+),leukocyte esterase (LE) (+),and sialidase (SNA) (+)in the HR-HPV positive group was higher than that in HR-HPV negative group (P＜0.05); abnormal cleanliness, and SNA(+) were the independent risk factors for HR-HPV infection (P＜0.05). (3)The proportion of abnormal flora density, abnormal diversity, abnormal cleanliness, BV, pH＞4.5, H₂O₂(+), LE(+), SNA(+) in persistently infected group was higher than that of the regression group (P＜0.05); abnormal density, pH＞4.5, H₂O₂(+), LE(+) were the independent risk factors for the persistently infected of HR-HPV (P＜0.05); there was no change in the comparison of vaginal cleanliness before and after the regression of HR-HPV (P＞0.05). Conclusion: Vaginal microecological imbalance is associated with HR-HPV infection and persistence. Bacterial vaginitis, elevated pH value and abnormal H₂O₂ are risk factors for HR-HPV infection and persistence.

Objective: To investigate the correlation between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and lung function and cognitive impairment, and to investigate the possible mechanisms of lung function decline and cognitive impairment caused by OSA. Methods: Forty-six patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) diagnosed by polysomnography (PSG) from January 2021 to June 2022 were collected. According to the apnea hypopnea index (AHI), they were divided into mild to moderate group (n=20) and severe group (n=26). Healthy subjects (n=23) were selected as the control group. The general data, PSG, lung function, blood gas analysis, and Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MoCA) scores of the subjects were compared and statistically analyzed. Results: The vital capacity (VC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second percent predicted (FEV1%pred), forced expiratory volume in one second/forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC%), expiratory reserve volume (ERV), functional residual capacity (FRC), maximum mid-expiratory flow rate (MMEF%) and 50% forced expiratory flow rate (FEF50%) in the severe group were lower than those in the mild-to-moderate group and the healthy group (P＜0.05). The partial pressure of oxygen (PaO₂) in the severe group was lower than that in the mild to moderate group and the healthy group (P＜0.05). There was significant difference in MoCA score among the three groups (P＜0.05). Correlation analysis showed that PaO₂ was negatively correlated with AHI and the longest apnea time, and positively correlated with LSaO₂. Conclusion: The lung function and cognitive ability of OSA patients are impaired, and the lung function and cognitive ability of patients with severe OSA are more obvious. Night hypoxia and low daytime PaO₂ play an important role in the mechanism of lung function decline and cognitive impairment in OSA patients.