目的: 探究家庭饮食行为及膳食结构对青岛市黄岛区6~12岁儿童超重/肥胖的影响,为制定区域性干预策略提供依据。方法: 选取2023年10月-2024年2月在青岛市黄岛区中心医院体检的6~12岁儿童作为研究对象,采用问卷调查的方式收集数据,内容包括一般人口学指标、基本身体指标、家庭因素指标和膳食调查。结果: 共获得560份有效问卷,超重儿童占比17.1%(95/560),肥胖占比22.1%(124/560),超重组、肥胖组的男童占比均显著高于正常组(P＜0.05);其中超重组儿童中,母亲拥有大专及以上学历的比例、核心家庭占比均高于正常组(P＜0.05)。在家庭饮食行为方面,超重组和肥胖组儿童在外就餐次数≥2次、睡前加餐次数均显著高于正常组(P＜0.05);正常组儿童规律吃早餐的频次占比显著高于肥胖组(P＜0.05)。三组儿童均存在睡眠时长不足的问题,其中肥胖组休息日每晚睡眠时间＞10 h人数占比显著低于正常组(P＜0.05)。膳食因素方面,与正常组相比,超重组和肥胖组平均每周摄入谷类(煎饼/油条/油饼、包子/饺子/馄饨)、肉类(加工肉制品)以及其他类别(碳酸饮料、饼干/蛋糕、膨化食品)的频次均较高(P＜0.05);肥胖组平均每周摄入薯类频次明显低于正常组,而畜肉类和西式快餐速食的摄入频次高于正常组(均P＜0.05)。结论: 青岛市黄岛区儿童超重和肥胖占比较高,其影响因素除与儿童自身性别相关,还与核心家庭结构、在外就餐频次、睡前加餐、睡眠不足及高热量膳食摄入密切相关,干预应重点改变家庭生活方式和培养儿童健康的饮食习惯。

Objective: To explore the effects of family dietary behavior and dietary structure on overweight/obesity in children aged 6-12 years in Huangdao District of Qingdao City, and to provide a basis for formulating regional intervention strategies. Methods: From October 2023 to February 2024, children aged 6-12 years old in Huangdao District of Qingdao City who came to Qingdao Huangdao District Central Hospital for physical examination were selected as the research objects, and the data were collected by questionnaire survey. The questionnaire included general demographic indicators, basic physical indicators, family factors and dietary survey. Results: A total of 560 valid questionnaires were obtained, with overweight accounting for 17.1%(95/560) and obesity accounting for 22.1%(124/560 ). The proportion of boys in overweight and obesity groups was significantly higher than that in normal group(P＜0.05). Among them, the proportion of mothers with college degree or above and the proportion of nuclear families in the overweight group were higher than those in the normal group(P＜0.05). In terms of family eating behavior, the number of eating out ≥2 times and the number of meals before bedtime in the overweight and obese group were significantly higher than those in the normal group(P＜0.05); the proportion of regular breakfast decreased, and the proportion of regular breakfast in the normal group was significantly higher than that in the obese group(P＜0.05); the sleep duration of the three groups was insufficient, and the number of children with sleep time >10 h per night on the rest day in the obese group was significantly lower than that in the normal group(P＜0.05). In terms of dietary factors, compared with the normal group, the average weekly intake frequency of pancakes/deep-fried dough sticks/deep-fried dough sticks, buns/dumplings/wontons in cereals, processed meat products in meat, carbonated drinks, biscuits/cakes and puffed food in other categories in the overweight and obese groups were higher(P＜0.05). The average weekly intake frequency of tubers in the obese group was significantly lower than that in the normal group, while the intake frequency of livestock meat and Western fast food was higher than that in the normal group(all P＜0.05). Conclusion: The proportion of overweight and obesity in children in Huangdao District of Qingdao City is relatively high. In addition to being related to their own gender, it is also closely related to the type of core family structure, the frequency of eating out, pre-bedtime meals, lack of sleep and high-calorie dietary intake. Interventions should focus on changing family lifestyles and cultivating children′s healthy dietary habits.