目的:分析成都市金牛区2017-2023年手足口病流行病学特点、病原学监测和聚集性疫情,为当地手足口病的防控策略提供科学依据。方法:用描述性流行病学研究方法,对2017-2023年成都市金牛区手足口病监测资料进行分析。结果:2017-2023年,金牛区累计报告手足口病12 960例,年报告发病率范围在64.05/10万～305.95/10万之间;除个别年份外,每年5月发病数开始增多,整体季节性流行高峰为5-7月和9-11月。男、女性报告发病数比例为1.4∶1;发病病例主要集中在0～＜6岁儿童,占总发病人数90.75%;以散居儿童最多,其次为托幼儿童,共占报告病例的 92.93%。肠道病毒监测结果显示:以其他肠道病毒、CVA16、CVA6为主,分别占59.75%、15.56%、14.57%。聚集性疫情,以5-7月和9-11月为高峰期,主要在托幼机构发生,占总数的96.08%;2~5例病例事件最多,占比93.56%。结论:手足口病防控以低龄、散居儿童为重点,引起发病的优势毒株变化为关注重点。金牛区聚集疫情主要发生在托幼机构,尤其5-7月和9-11月应采取针对性措施减少疫情的发生和传播。
Objective: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics, etiological surveillance, and clustering epidemic of hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) in Jinniu district of Chengdu from 2017 to 2023, so as to provide basis for the prevention and control strategy of HFMD. Methods: Descriptive epidemiological research methods were used to analyze the HFMD surveillance data in Jinniu district of Chengdu, from 2017 to 2023. Results: From 2017 to 2023, a total 12 960 cases of HFMD were reported in Jinniu district, with an annual incidence rate of 64.05/100 000 to 305.95/100 000; except for a few years, the number of began to increase in May each year, with the overall seasonal epidemic peaks occurring from May to July and from September to November. The male-to-female ratio of cases was 1.4∶1; the cases were mainly concentrated in children aged 0-＜6 years, accounting for 90.75% of the total number of cases; the most cases were scattered children, followed by children in kindergartens, accounting for 92.93% of the reported cases. The results of enterovirus monitoring showed that other enteroviruses, CVA16, and CVA6 were the main pathogens accounting for 59.75%, 15.56%, and 14.57%, respectively. The clustering epidemic was mainly concentrated from to July and from September to November, mainly occurring in kindergartens, accounting for 96.08% of the total; events with 2-5 cases were the most common, accounting for 93.56%. Conclusion: The prevention and control of HFMD should focus on young and scattered children, a particular emphasis on the changing dominant strains causing the disease. Outbreaks in Jinniu district mainly occurred in kindergartens, especially from May to and from September to November, during which targeted measures should be taken to reduce the occurrence and spread of the epidemic.
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