中国空巢老人抑郁、焦虑影响因素的系统评价与Meta分析*

刘露; 蒋运兰; 谢红梅; 卢宇彤; 陈曾丽; 彭寒梅

doi:10.16833/j.cnki.jbmc.2024.10.013

包头医学院学报 >

2024 , Vol. 40 >Issue 10: 60 - 67

DOI: https://doi.org/10.16833/j.cnki.jbmc.2024.10.013

预防医学论著

中国空巢老人抑郁、焦虑影响因素的系统评价与Meta分析^*

刘露 ,
蒋运兰 ,
谢红梅 ,
卢宇彤 ,
陈曾丽 ,
彭寒梅

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1.成都中医药大学护理学院,四川成都 610072;
2.成都中医药大学附属医院

蒋运兰

收稿日期: 2023-03-27

网络出版日期: 2024-11-19

基金资助

国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFC2003104)

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Influencing factors of depression and anxiety among empty nesters in China:a systematic review and meta-analysis

LIU Lu ,
JIANG Yunlan ,
XIE Hongmei ,
LU Yutong ,
CHEN Zengli ,
PENG Hanmei

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1. School of Nursing,Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Chengdu 610072, China;
2. The Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine

Received date: 2023-03-27

Online published: 2024-11-19

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摘要

目的: 系统评价中国空巢老年人抑郁、焦虑的影响因素。方法: 计算机检索中英文数据库,检索时限为从建库至2022年7月。由2名研究者独立进行文献筛选、质量评价和信息提取,采用RevMan 5.4和Stata 15.0软件对数据进行统计学分析。结果: 共纳入22篇研究,总样本量为34 911例,其中19项研究报告了中国空巢老人抑郁的危险因素,7项研究报告了焦虑的危险因素。Meta分析结果显示:无配偶[OR=1.39(1.21,1.59)]、子女探望频率低[OR=1.49(1.34,1.67)]、农村[OR=1.40(1.22,1.62)]、有宗教信仰[OR=2.66(1.68,4.22)]、自评健康差[OR=2.16(1.80,2.58)]、合并慢性病[OR=1.39(1.14,1.69)]、躯体疼痛[OR=2.09(1.62,2.70)]、生活自理能力差[OR=2.01(1.22,3.32)]、躯体疾病数量多[OR=1.98(1.71,2.29)]、经济状况差[OR=2.43(1.96,3.02)]是中国空巢老人发生抑郁的危险因素;文化程度高[OR=0.80(0.71,0.90)]、非独居[OR=0.61(0.39,0.95)]、体育锻炼[OR=0.42(0.29,0.61)]、饮酒[OR=0.52(0.34,0.97)]、社会支持度高[OR=0.96(0.94,0.98)]是中国空巢老人抑郁的保护因素;性别、年龄与中国空巢老人发生抑郁的关系无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。经济状况差[OR=1.80(1.49,2.19)]、无配偶[OR=1.88(1.35,2.64)]、有宗教信仰[OR=2.39(1.74,3.27)]、躯体疾病数量多[OR=2.81(2.05,3.85)]是中国空巢老人焦虑的危险因素,合并慢性病与中国空巢老人焦虑的关系无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。结论: 中国空巢老人抑郁、焦虑的发生受多种因素影响,应尽早采取相应预防措施,以降低中国空巢老人抑郁、焦虑的发生率。

关键词： 空巢老人; 抑郁; 焦虑; 系统评价; Meta分析

本文引用格式

刘露 , 蒋运兰 , 谢红梅 , 卢宇彤 , 陈曾丽 , 彭寒梅 . 中国空巢老人抑郁、焦虑影响因素的系统评价与Meta分析^*[J]. 包头医学院学报, 2024 , 40(10) : 60 -67 . DOI: 10.16833/j.cnki.jbmc.2024.10.013

Abstract

Objective: To systematically evaluate the influencing factors of depression and anxiety among empty nesters in China. Methods: The Chinese and English databases were searched from the inception to July 2022. The literature screening,quality assessment,and information extraction were performed by 2 researchers independently. RevMan 5.4 and Stata 15.0 were used for Meta-analysis. Results: A total of 22 studies with 34 911 participants were included. Among them,the related factors of depression were reported in 19 studies,and the related factors of anxiety in empty nesters were reported in 7 studies. The Meta-analysis suggested that the risk factors for depression among empty nesters were living without spouse [OR=1.39(1.21,1.59)],low frequency of children’s visits [OR=1.49(1.34,1.67)],living in rural areas[OR=1.40(1.22,1.62)],religious belief [OR=2.66(1.68,4.22)],poor self-rated health status [OR=2.16(1.80,2.58)],comorbid chronic diseases [OR=1.39(1.14,1.69)],physical pain [OR=2.09(1.62,2.70)],poor self-care ability in life [OR=2.01(1.22,3.32)],multiple somatic disorders [OR=1.98(1.71,2.29)],and poor economic status [OR=2.43(1.96,3.02)]. The protective factors for depression among empty-nesters were high education level [OR=0.80(0.71,0.90)],living no alone [OR=0.61(0.39,0.95)],physical exercise [OR=0.42(0.29,0.61)],drinking [OR=0.52(0.34,0.97)],and high social support [OR=0.96(0.94,0.98)]. Gender and age were not associated with depression among empty nesters(P＞0.05). In addition,the risk factors for anxiety among empty nesters were poor economic status [OR=1.80(1.49,2.19)],living without spouse [OR=1.88(1.35,2.64)],religious belief [OR=2.39(1.74,3.27)],and multiple somatic disorders [OR=2.81(2.05,3.85)]. No significant associations were found among chronic diseases and anxiety in empty nesters(P＞0.05). Conclusion: Numerous factors that contribute to depression and anxiety among empty nesters in China. Therefore,preventive measures should be timely taken to lower incidence of depression and anxiety in empty nesters of China.

Key words： Empty nesters; Depression; Anxiety; Systematic review; Meta analysis

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