Abnormal DNA methylation is one of the important mechanisms of tumorigenesis and development. It is the core of establishing and maintaining tissue-specific gene expression, and also the mechanism of regulating gene expression, which plays an important role in tumorigenesis. In particular, the abnormal state of hypermethylation of tumor suppressor genes is of great significance in the occurrence, diagnosis, identification, prognosis and treatment of tumors. In addition, DNA methylation and demethylation are reversible processes. 5-Azacytidine can reduce the methylation level of hypermethylated tumor suppressor genes by inhibiting DNA methyltransferase, so as to achieve the goal of tumor treatment. In leukemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, precursor bone marrow cell tumors and solid tumors, 5-azacytidine inhibits cell proliferation and promotes cell differentiation through DNA demethylation, which has therapeutic potential. However, its low bioavailability and long-term use may cause DNA damage and cytotoxicity. Therefore, it is necessary to find better administration methods and dose regulation strategies to verify and optimize its anti-tumor efficacy and promote clinical application.
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