Objective: To explore the relationship between arsenic exposure, diabetes mellitus and oxidative stress injury. Methods: A total of 218 people who had lived in Hangjin Houqi, Bayannur City for more than 20 years and had no clear history of exposure to arsenic were selected as the investigation subjects. According to the urinary arsenic content of residents, they were divided into low arsenic group (73 residents,＜13.55 μg/g Cr) medium arsenic group (73 residents, 13.56~36.24 μg/g Cr), and high arsenic group (72 residents, ＞36.25 μg/g Cr). The blood and urine of the subjects were collected, and the contents of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in urine and serum were determined. Of 25 diabetic mellitus patients in the study were included in the case group. The number of cases in the control group was matched by propensity score matching (PSM) in a ratio of 1∶5, and 125 residents were selected as the control group. Trend test was used to compare the trend between urinary arsenic concentration and the prevalence of diabetes mellitus. A mediating effect model was constructed to explore the indirect effects of oxidative stress injury between different arsenic exposure levels and diabetes mellitus. Results: (1)The prevalence of diabetes mellitus in the high arsenic group (20.83 %) was higher than that in the medium arsenic group (12.33 %) and the low arsenic group (1.37 %), while the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in the medium arsenic group was higher than that in the low arsenic group, and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05). Urinary arsenic level was positively correlated with the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (P＜0.05). (2)GSH-Px activity, SOD and MDA played mediating roles between urinary arsenic level and diabetes mellitus (P＜0.05). Conclusion: Arsenic exposure may lead to the occurrence of diabetes mellitus by affecting the mechanism of oxidative stress in residents.
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