Objective: To explore the application effect of quality control circle in improving self-management ability of maintenance hemodialysis patients. Methods: A quality control circle group was established, with activity themes and activity plans formulated. 100 patients were divided into control group and observation group, with 50 patients in each group. The patients in the control group adopted traditional health education methods, while the patients in the observation group implemented quality control circle activities. After the activity, the scores of self-management ability of patients in the observation group and the control group and the comprehensive ability of the members of the quality control circle were compared. Results: (1) After the activity, the total score of self-management ability of the patients in the observation group was significantly improved compared with the control group, and the scores of the four dimensions in the questionnaire were all improved in the observation group compared with the control group (P＜0.05); (2) The comprehensive abilities of the team members of the quality control circle included the degree of harmony, communication and cooperation, cohesion, sense of responsibility, enthusiasm, sense of pleasure, ability to solve problems, quality control techniques, etc. The score of the members of the quality control circle after the activity is higher than that of the same group before the activity (P＜0.05). Conclusion: Carrying out quality control circle activities can not only improve the self-management ability of hemodialysis patients, but also improve the comprehensive ability of nursing staff, which is conducive to improving the overall nursing quality.