Objective: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of vitrectomy by exploring the morphology and related factors of posterior pole hole (non-macular hole) in high myopia patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Methods: Clinical data of 19 high myopia patients (19 eyes) with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment at posterior pole were retrospectively analyzed. The shape, location, vitreous traction and posterior scleral staphyloma were assessed. All cases underwent vitrectomy combined with excision of the internal limiting membrane around the hole. During the operation, intraocular laser photocoagulation was used to seal the hole. Depending on the patient's condition, different auxiliary treatments were given, such as filling the vitreous cavity with sterile air, C3F8 or silicone oil. Silicone oil removal was performed 3 to 5 months after vitrectomy. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and retinal reattachment were observed during the following-up. Results: In 19 eyes, of which 12 eyes (63.2 %) had slit-shaped holes at the posterior pole, 3 eyes had small horseshoe-shaped holes (15.8 %), and 4 eyes had small round holes (21.0 %). Among them, the size of hole in 10 eyes (52.6 %) were less than 1/4 papilla diameter (PD), 7 eyes (36.9 %) were 1/2 to 1/4PD, and 2 eyes (10.5 %) were 1 to 1/2PD. The holes of 9 eyes (47.4 %) located next to the lower vascular arch, 4 eyes (21.1 %) next to the upper vascular arch, 5 eyes (26.3 %) 1 to 4 PD below the optic disc, and 1 eye (5.2 %) 2 PD above the optic disc. Posterior scleral staphyloma was found in 18 eyes (94.7 %), including type I (wide, macular staphyloma) in 11 eyes (accounting for 61.1 %), type II (narrow, macular staphyloma) in 5 eyes (accounting for 27.8 %), and type III (peripapillary staphyloma) in 2 eyes (11.1 %). The LogMAR of BCVA at 6 months after vitrectomy was lower than that before vitrectomy, and the difference was statistically significant (Z=-3.162, P=0.002). The retinal reattachment rate was 94.7 % 6 months after vitrectomy. Conclusion: The formation of posterior pole in high myopia patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment may be related to posterior scleral staphyloma, vascular extension, and vitreous cortex traction. Mains of them are slit-shaped holes and small holes. Careful probing the hole and peeling inner-limiting membrane around the hole during vitrectomy could promote retina reattachment and improve post-operative visual acuity.