Objective: To compare the effects of the upper right clear corneal incision combined with astigmatism corrected toric intraocular lens (intraocular lens, IOL) implantation and corneal steep axis incision combined with aspherical intraocular lens implantation on residual astigmatism and visual quality. Methods: From January 1, 2020 to January 1, 2021, 60 patients (60 eyes) with senile cataract and low-level corneal astigmatism (astigmatism degree, 1.0 to 1.5 D) who were scheduled to undergo phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation enrolled in the Ophthalmic Clinic of the First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College. According to different surgical methods, they were divided into the upper right clear corneal incision combined with astigmatism corrected toric IOL implantation group (Experimental group) and the corneal steep axis incision combined with aspherical intraocular lens implantation group (Control group), with 30 cases (30 eyes) in each group. All patients were followed up for 3 months. The uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), residual astigmatism (RA), contrast sensitivity (CS) and subjective visual quality were observed and analyzed. Results: 3 months after operation, the UCVA of the experimental group was significantly better than that of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05). There was no significant difference in terms of postoperative BCVA between the experimental group and the control group (P＞0.05). The astigmatism of the experimental group and the control group was significantly lower than that before operation, and the differences were statistically significant 3 months after operation (P＜0.05), and the residual astigmatism of the experimental group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P＜0.05). (3)The CS under different spatial frequencies (3, 6, 12, 18 cpd) of the experimental group in the low light and glare environment were better than that in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P＜ 0.05), there was no significant difference on CS under different spatial frequencies (3, 6, 12, 18 cpd) of in the light, glare, and dark environment between the two groups (P＞0.05). The number of patients with glare visual disturbance symptoms in the experimental group was less than that in the control group 3 months after operation, but the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant (P＞0.05). Conclusion: Both the two kinds of surgery could effectively improve the visual acuity and reduce the postoperative astigmatism, but the upper right clear corneal incision combined with astigmatism corrected toric IOL implantation could obtain better uncorrected visual acuity and contrast sensitivity, lower residual astigmatism and higher visual quality, which is an effective treatment for cataract patients with low corneal astigmatism.