Objective: To study and analyze the short-term efficacy of percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) for the treatment of osteoporotic thoracolumbar compression fractures (OVCF). Methods: Selection of Inner Mongolia university of science and technology BaoYi YiFuYuan 2019.3 2020.9 treated 68 cases of senile patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures, and it can be divided into two groups at random, the control group of 34 cases of application of percutaneous vertebral plasty (PVP) treatment, the team of 34 cases of application of the protruding after percutaneous vertebral plasty treatment, compared to two kinds of operative methods for the treatment effect of OVCF. Results: The team treatment of patients with the total effective rate was significantly higher than the control group (94.1 %) (73.5 %), wounded leading edge vertebral height, vertebral rear height, the middle route of the injured vertebral height is higher than the control group, the convex Angle (Cobb Angle) is less than the control group, VAS and ODI score lower than the control group, the incidence of complications (5.9 %) and lower than the control group (29.4 %), the quality of life score of each item is higher than the control group, the comparison between groups (P＜0.05). Conclusion: Percutaneous kyphoplasty for senile osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture can achieve good short-term efficacy, significantly improve their condition, and improve their quality of life, and this treatment plan is suitable for clinical application.