目的: 调查包头地区学龄前儿童先天性心脏病(CHD)患病情况和人群特征,为包头市CHD的预防和早期治疗工作提供参考。方法: 于2022年3月至2024年12月在内蒙古自治区包头地区部分公立幼儿园及当地医院儿科门诊,对5 372学龄前儿童进行CHD病例筛查,以超声心动图结果作为判断标准。结果: 完成调查人数共5 326名,筛查出CHD患儿44例(发病率0.83%)。男性患儿26例,占男童总数0.94%;女性患儿18例,占女童总数0.70%。Logistic回归分析和相关影响因素进一步分析发现,患儿父母CHD家族史(OR≈2.78,95%CI:1.12-6.89),高血压病史(OR≈12.45,95%CI:6.32-24.53)、患儿民族(OR≈5.67,95%CI:2.45-13.12)和孕早期暴露均为影响CHD发病的风险因素。结论: 包头地区儿童CHD患病率高于全国水平,民族、家族史和孕妇早期暴露史是导致儿童CHD发生的重要危险因素。
Objective: To investigate the prevalence and distribution of congenital heart disease (CHD) among preschool children in the Baotou region, and to provide relevant references for the prevention and early treatment of CHD in Baotou City, as well as foundational data for future genetic screening efforts. Methods: In March 2022, a survey of CHD cases was conducted among 5 372 preschool children in some public kindergartens and pediatric departments of local hospitals in the Baotou region of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. All children were examined using echocardiography, and the results of the ultrasound were used as the diagnostic criteria. Results: Out of the 5372 children surveyed, 5326 completed the survey. Among them, 44 cases of CHD were identified (0.83%). There were 26 male patients, accounting for 0.94%, and 18 female patients, accounting for 0.70%. Logistic regression analysis and related influencing factors analysis showed that family history of CHD [OR≈2.78(1.12-6.89)], history of hypertension [OR≈12.45(6.32-24.53)], nationality [OR≈5.67(2.45-13.12)] and early pregnancy exposure were risk factors for CHD in children. Conclusion: The prevalence of CHD in children in Baotou region is higher than the national level. The number of Han children with CHD is different from that of Mongolian children. Family history and early exposure history of pregnant women are important risk factors for CHD in children.
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