目的：探讨小儿神经外科住院患儿的临床特点和预后情况。方法：回顾性分析2018年1月至2020年12月包头市第四医院、包头医学院第一附属医院、包头市中心医院因小儿神经外科疾病住院患儿的一般情况、疾病分布、病情评估、诊疗手段、出院GOS评分(glasgow outcome scale)等临床资料。结果：(1)入选病例104例,年龄(8.3±3.9)岁。(2)脑血管疾病住院人数为54例(51.90%);颅脑损伤性疾病住院人数为50例(48.10%)。(3)住院最主要病因为外伤,为103例(99.04%),非外伤因素住院仅为1例(0.86%)。(4)保守治疗101例(97.16%);手术治疗3例(2.84%)。(5)住院患儿多为紧急及危重病例,共80例(76.92%),病情临床分级为一般的患儿为24例(23.08%)。(6)在脑血管疾病中,硬膜外出血为21例(38.90%);在外伤性疾病中,头面部软组织损伤为22例(44.00%)。结论：通过对上述医院神经外科住院儿童的流行病学分析发现,入院治疗的患儿中以急性创伤性颅脑损伤居多,经过积极的专业治疗,患儿预后良好。
Objective:To explore the clinical characteristics and prognosis of 104 children hospitalized for pediatric neurosurgical diseases in Baotou Fourth Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Baotou Central Hospital and other hospitals from 2018 to 2020. Methods: The clinical data of hospitalized children with pediatric neurosurgery diseases in the above hospitals from January 2018 to December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. The general situation, disease distribution, disease assessment, diagnosis and treatment methods, discharge GOS score (glasgow outcome scale) and other clinical data were summarized and analyzed. Results: (1) A total of 104 patients were enrolled, with an average age of (8.3±3.9) years. (2) The number of inpatients with cerebrovascular disease was 54 cases (51.90%). The number of hospitalized patients with traumatic brain injury was 50 cases (48.10%). (3) The main cause of hospitalization was trauma, the number of cases was 103 cases (99.04%), and the number of non-traumatic factors was 1 (0.86%). (4) 101 cases (97.16%) were treated with conservative treatment, 3 cases (2.84%) were treated with surgical treatment. (5) Most of the hospitalized children were emergency and critical cases, with a total of 80 cases (76.92%), and 24 cases (23.08%) had general clinical classification. (6) In cerebrovascular disease, epidural hemorrhage was 21 cases (38.90%). In traumatic diseases, 22 cases (44.00%) had head and facial soft tissue injuries. Conclusion: Through the epidemiological analysis of the hospitalized children in the pediatric neurosurgery department of the above hospitals, it is found that the majority of the children admitted to the above hospitals are acute traumatic brain injury. After active professional treatment, the prognosis of the children is good.
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