目的:分析比较荧光染色法和KOH湿片法检测浅部真菌病的效果及不同位置检测结果比较。方法:收集2021年10月至2023年3月在包头医学院第二附属医院皮肤科就诊拟诊断为浅部真菌病患者的标本,分别采用荧光染色法和KOH湿片法直接镜检,比较阳性率检出结果,并进一步针对不同检测部位检测阳性率比较分析。结果:KOH湿片法和荧光染色法分别检测558例和691例患者(阳性率分别为38.35%和58.47%),阳性率差异有统计学意义(P＜0.001);且头面部、手部、足部、躯干、腹股沟及甲部位荧光染色法阳性检出率均高于KOH湿片法,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),差异由大到小依次为足部、头面部、腹股沟、手部、甲部、躯干部(P＜0.001)。结论:荧光染色法在浅部真菌病的实验室检验中阳性检出率明显优于KOH湿片法,可以降低临床漏诊误诊率,在甲部、足部、腹股沟、头面部的检测中可作为优选,手部、躯干部则根据临床医生的临床经验在KOH湿片法或荧光染色法中选择,以减轻患者经济负担。

Objective:To compare the effectiveness of fluorescence staining method and KOH wet mount method on detecting superficial fungal diseases and the detection rates at different detection sites. Methods: Specimens of patients who were diagnosed with superficial fungal disease at the Dermatology Department of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College from October 2021 to March 2023 were collected. The fluorescence staining and KOH wet mount method were used for microscopic examination. The positive detection rate and the positive detection rate at different detection sites were compared. Results:The detection patients of the KOH wet mount method and fluorescence staining method were 558 and 691 cases (the positive rates were 38.35% and 58.47%) respectively, with a statistically significant difference in positive detection rates (χ²=49.967, P＜0.01). And the positive detection rate of fluorescence staining at the head, face, hands, feet, trunk, groin, and nail parts was higher than that of KOH wet mount method, and the differences were statistically significant. The differences were sequentially decreased from foot, head, face, groin, hand, nail, and trunk parts. Conclusion: The positive detection rate of fluorescence staining tests on superficial fungal diseases is significantly better than that of KOH wet mount method, which could reduce the missed and misdiagnosed rate. It is preferred to detect superficial fungal diseases at nail, foot, groin, head and face, while hand and body detection could choose KOH test or fluorescence staining test based on the clinical experience of doctors to relieve the economic burden of patients.