目的: 了解内蒙古地区大学生的传染病防治素养现状及主要影响因素,探究防治素养对疫情相关态度行为的影响。方法: 借助问卷星平台,采用便利抽样法进行网络调查,调查对象为经筛选后居住地为内蒙古的在校大学生。结果: 共回收有效问卷4 560份,调查对象的传染病防治素养水平为16.7 %。多因素二元logistic回归结果显示,本科及以上学历、医学类专业、居住在城市和性格偏外向是具备传染病防治素养的保护因素,OR(95 % CI)分别为2.027(1.625~2.529)、1.398(1.158~1.688)、1.297(1.040~1.617)、1.322(1.086~1.608);男性、蒙族为具备防治素养的危险因素,OR(95 % CI)分别为0.564(0.460~0.691)、0.790(0.664~0.941)。有序分类logistic回归结果显示,具备防治素养为保护因素,不具备防治素养的学生自觉感染新型冠状病毒(COVID-19)的几率更大(β=-0.219,P<0.05)。结论: 内蒙古地区大学生传染病防治素养水平较低,高校应根据学生的民族、性别、居住地、专业和性格类型的不同,有针对性地进行健康宣教,提高学生传染病防治素养水平,减轻重大疫情发生时心理应激反应。
Objective: To understand the current situation and main influencing factors of infectious disease prevention and control literacy of college students in Inner Mongolia, and to explore the influence of prevention and control literacy on epidemic related attitude and behavior. Methods: With the help of questionnaire star platform, convenient sampling method was used to conduct network survey. The subjects of the survey were college students who lived in Inner Mongolia after screening. Results: A total of 4 560 valid questionnaires were collected, and the literacy level of infectious disease prevention and control was 16.7 %. Multivariate binary logistic regression results showed that bachelor degree or above, medical major, living in city and extroverted personality were protective factors of infectious disease prevention literacy. The 95 % CI of OR were 2.027 (1.625-2.529), 1.398 (1.158-1.688), 1.297 (1.040-1.617) and 1.322 (1.086-1.608), respectively; male and Mongolian were risk factors of infectious disease prevention literacy, 95 % CI of OR were 0.564 (0.460-0.691) and 0.790 (0.664-0.941), respectively. The results of ordered classification logistic regression showed that the students with prevention and control literacy were the protective factors, and the students without prevention and control literacy had a higher probability of consciously contracting novel coronavirus and greater psychological pressure (β=-0.219, P<0.05). Conclusion: The level of infectious disease prevention and control literacy of college students in Inner Mongolia is low. Colleges and universities should carry out targeted health education according to the differences of students' nationality, gender, residence, major and personality types, so as to improve the level of students' infectious disease prevention and control literacy and reduce the psychological stress response in case of major epidemic.
[1] Peerson A, Saunders M. Health literacy revisited: what do we mean and why does it matter[J]. Health Promot Int, 2009,24(3):285-296.
[2] Sørensen K, Van Den Broucke S, Fullam J, et al. Health literacy and public health: a systematic review and integration of definitions and models[J]. BMC Public Health, 2012,12:80.
[3] Yang X, Zhao CX, Li S, et al. Health literacy level and influence factors of occupational population in one Province[J]. Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi, 2017,35(9):683-687.
[4] 吴艳梅,南海涛,铁云丽,等. 陕西省居民传染病防治素养现状及影响因素分析[J]. 传染病信息,2019,32(5):407-410.
[5] 张娟, 徐翮飞, 薛晓宁, 等. 青岛口岸国际高级船务管理人群蚊媒传染病知信行调查[J]. 中国国境卫生检疫杂志, 2019, 42(6):418-421.
[6] 聂雪琼, 李英华, 李莉. 2012年中国居民健康素养监测数据统计分析方法[J]. 中国健康教育, 2014, 30(2):178-181.
[7] 孙晓北, 殷环, 秦奕, 等. 我国卫生健康教育发展历程与全民健康素养[J]. 医学信息学杂志, 2019, 40(10):2-6, 18.
[8] 孙文君, 刘兴荣, 毛强, 等. 甘肃省定西市居民传染病防治素养水平及其影响因素研究[J]. 实用预防医学, 2019, 26(1):117-120.
[9] 徐文丽, 冉冉, 步尧, 等. 开封市居民传染病防治素养影响因素调查[J]. 江苏预防医学, 2019, 30(1):116-117.
[10] 刘清, 王志, 徐春华, 等. 奉贤区老年护理院护工传染病防治素养及影响因素分析[J]. 预防医学, 2019, 31(4):420-422.
[11] 赵玉遂, 吴青青, 徐水洋, 等. 浙江省居民传染病防治素养及其影响因素分析[J]. 中华预防医学杂志, 2016, (9):806-810.
[12] 黄相刚, 李长宁, 李英华, 等. 中国居民传染病防治素养水平及其影响因素分析[J]. 中国健康教育, 2015, 31(2):112-115.
[13] 吴庆, 胡沐坤, 苏中振. 综合院校开设《远离传染病》通识课效果分析[J]. 医学教育研究与实践, 2020, 28(1):153-156.
[14] 吴双胜, 杨鹏, 李海月, 等. 传染病健康素养水平与传染病症状发生之间的相关性研究[J]. 北京大学学报(医学版), 2018, 50(5):937-940.
[15] 齐晔, 陈刘欢, 张栗, 等. 新型冠状病毒肺炎的公众认知、态度和行为研究[J]. 热带医学杂志, 2020, 20(2):145-149.
[16] 刘冰, 孙海娅, 王文军. 医学生对新型冠状病毒肺炎的认知、态度与行为研究[J]. 医学教育研究与实践, 2020, 28(2):214-217.
[17] 李喆, 项惟祎, 袁伊雯, 等. 新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情上升期医务人员心理状况及影响因素研究[J]. 成都医学院学报, 2020, 15(3):279-283, 288.
[18] 胡友坤, 张高强, 李志浩, 等. 疫情严重地区居民对COVID-19的知识、态度、行为调查[J]. 南方医科大学学报, 2020, 40(5):733-740.
[19] 谢晓非, 郑蕊, 谢冬梅, 王惠. SARS中的心理恐慌现象分析[J]. 北京大学学报(自然科学版), 2005, 41(4):628-639.